2 86 APPENDIX. 
zygoma of the left side only is seen ; and in one neither 
zygoma comes into view. But these skulls, as is often 
the case in skulls of flesh-eating savage races, are of con- 
siderable density, and a greater thickness of walls as well 
as a greater development of the contents of a skull may 
prevent it from being phoenozygous. One other condition 
indeed, that of considerable development of the malar 
arch, which produces phcenozygy, is present in Bushmen, 
as in the skulls of other races exposed to the sun and 
glare, and other irritants of the eyes ; but its working is 
countervailed by that of thickness of the cranial walls. 
All the Bushman skulls examined by Dr. Fritsch were 
broad in the sphenoparietal diameter (see his Die 
Eingeborene Sild-Afrika's, 1872, p. 413). With two 
exceptions, those constituted by the skull procured by Mr. 
Fairclough and that presented by Dr. Bleek, the supra- 
ciliary ridges and glabellas are comparatively feebly 
developed. 
The parietal tubera, or the spots on the external sur- 
face of the cranium corresponding to them, are placed far 
back in all these crania, and what I have elsewhere spoken 
of at some length^ as the antero-posterior index, is conse- 
quently high. The same remark, however, may be made 
of Zulu and other Abantu crania. 
It has often been stated that the ears in Bushmen 
are huge, misshapen, and outstanding. According, how- 
ever, to trustworthy accounts of Professors Marshall and 
Flower, and Dr. Murie and Professor Wyman {Proc. 
Bosto7i Nat. History Soc, ix. 1862, p. 56), the small size 
of the lobule appears to be the only constant character of 
this organ which is distinctive. (See Fritsch, I.e., p. 410.) 
Much that has been written on the peculiarity known as 
" steatopyga" in our own species might have been spared 
if what the great naturalist Pallas had written on the 
similar development called by the same name in one of 
the most widely spread varieties of the sheep, had been 
studied in the wonderful eleventh Fascicle of his Spicilegia 
"^ British Barrozvs, pp. 563 and 677. 
