CAPE HENRY FOG SIGNAL, N'lRGlNIA 



This fog signal is an air siren driven by oil engines. The trumpets are curved down- 

 ward to prevent sand drifting into the sirens. "The fog signals now in use in the United 

 States consist of sirens, whistles, reed trumpets, aerial bells, and sul)marine bells. Sirens 

 and whistles are operated by compressed air or steam, and trumpets In- compressed air. To 

 furnish air. compressors driven by internal combustion engines are used, and for steam signal 

 boilers are employed. The larger fog bells, up to 4,000 pounds, have hammers actuated by 

 a weight and clockwork" (see page 47). 



The light is of 1,200,000 candle power, 

 fla.shing white every 8 seconds. In ad- 

 dition to the compressed air fog-whistle 

 there is a submarine bell signal, located 

 in 60 feet of water three-quarters of a 

 mile from the station. This bell is sup- 

 ported on a tripod standing on the bot- 

 tom of the lake, is operated by electric 

 power transmitted through a cable from 

 the hght station, and strikes "23." 



TILL.^MOOK ROCK — ON'K OE THE MOST 

 EXPOSED IN THE WORLD 



Two lighthouses involving great diffi- 

 culties have been built on rocky islets off 

 the Pacific coast — Tillamook Rock, com- 

 pleted in 1881, and vSt. George Reef in 

 1891. Tillamook is a high, precipitous 

 rock south of the Columbia River and 

 about a mile from shore. It is exi)osed 

 to the sweep of the Pacific Ocean. Land- 

 ing on the rock was very dangerous, and 

 the foreman was drowned the first day 

 a working jiarty was landed. There was 

 serious difficulty in providing any protec- 



tion on the rock for the workmen. It 

 was necessary to blast off the top of the 

 rock to secure sufficient room for the 

 lighthouse (see pages 16-17). 



This light station is one of the most 

 exposed in the world. The tower is 136 

 feet above high water, but the keepers 

 reported that in a storm in 1887 the seas 

 broke over the building, some going 

 above the tower, and serious damage was 

 done. In another storm a mass of con- 

 crete "filling weighing half a ton zvas 

 thro7vn over the fence into the enclos- 

 ure," at a level of 88 feet above the sea. 



Here is the keei)er's rej^ort of a storm 

 in October, 19 12. at Tillamook light. The 

 lighthouse tender, on account of weather 

 conditions, was not able to reach the 

 rock for 7 weeks after this storm : 



"I regret to state that on the evening 

 of the 1 8th. or morning of the TQth, we 

 lost a portion of the west end of the 

 l^ock, water and rocks coming over with 

 so much noise we could not tell when, 

 and did not know it had departed before 



