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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



dreamed of for centuries as doubtfully 

 possible at all and that has been accom- 

 plished by the enterprise, courage, science, 

 perseverance, and faith of two such re- 

 markable men. Their names will go 

 down to the remotest posterity, and it is 

 a privilege to all of us to have met them 

 on the first occasion when they are to- 

 gether. As we heard from Admiral 

 Peary two years ago, so we heard from 

 Captain Amundsen, a narrative of his 

 achievements — plain, simple, straightfor- 

 ward, modest, impressive. 



I cannot fancy listening to what he 

 told us today without being struck by the 

 fact that the man who approached his 

 great task in so simple a spirit and with 

 such a forecasting mind showed his qual- 

 ities in the way in which he told it as 

 well as in the way he accomplished it. 



A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR BINGHAm'S 

 WORK 



You will hear, from those who are to 

 succeed me, more about the South Pole 

 and about what Captain Amundsen has 

 done. Let me therefore say one word 

 about what our friend, Professor Bing- 

 ham, has done. His modesty has pre- 

 vented him from giving you anything like 

 a full account of the additions he has 

 made to geographic knowledge. He has 

 cleared up some very long-standing and 

 difficult problems in primitive Peruvian 

 history ; he has explained many features 

 of the neighborhood of Cuzco which had 

 puzzled previous inquirers ; he accom- 

 plished in his previous journey a remark- 

 able ascent of one of the loftiest peaks 

 in the Andes, and he has now secured a 

 mass of archeeological material which I 

 think will occupy him and your archse- 

 ologists in this country years in collating, 

 describing, and interpreting. 



I think, ladies and gentlemen of the 

 National Geographic Society, that you 

 may now feel well pleased with the gen- 

 erous liberality which your council ex- 

 ercised a year ago when it made a grant 

 for the undertaking of this expedition by 

 Mr. Bingham. The expenditure has been 

 amply justified and amply rewarded by 

 that which he has discovered and brought 

 home. 



WHAT GEOGRAPHIC DISCOVERIES REMAIN 

 EOR THE EXPLORER? 



I remember, on one of the previous 

 occasions when I had the honor of ad- 

 dressing you, observing that those of us 

 who care for geographical science seemed 

 to lie under the danger of having, sooner 

 or later, our theme exhausted. We have 

 not yet found a means for the exploring 

 of any other part of this universe except 

 our own planet. With our planet so 

 limited in its area, and now rendered 

 so comparatively accessible in every part, 

 with its population growing so fast, and 

 the number of its explorers increasing, 

 it is natural to believe that before very 

 long there will be no great discoveries 

 left to make. Certainly no discoveries 

 remain to be made so striking as these 

 which have been made of the two poles. 



We may, however, comfort ourselves 

 by reflecting that there is another kind 

 of work to be done, and the work which 

 Professor Bingham has done seems to 

 me to show how large that work is and 

 how full of interest and instruction it 

 may be made. Professor Bingham has 

 taken a region which has been known, 

 more or less, since the time of the Span- 

 ish Conquest, in the middle of the i6th 

 century ; but he has revealed immense 

 fields of further inquiry, which had not 

 been little thought of until he went there. 



Has not the time come Avhen we may 

 apply to geography what may be called, 

 in the language of agriculture, "inten- 

 sive cultivation," when we may begin to 

 bestow upon the surface of our planet a 

 study so full, so exact, so carefully sci- 

 entific, that we shall examine every part 

 of it from the point of view of the vari- 

 ous sciences and from the point of view 

 of the events that have happened since 

 man found him strong enough to deal 

 with and overcome nature. Orography, 

 geology, botany, meteorology, zoology — 

 all these sciences are the handmaids of 

 geography. 



THE OBSOLETE TERM, "mAN" 



In the largest sense of the word, they 

 may all be called branches of geographic 

 science, which is nothing less than the 



