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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



tinned in decreasing violence and fre- 

 quency until the 14th. The last ash was 

 recorded as falling on the 13th. 



i;xte;nt op the; ci.oud q-^ ashes 



The ash cloud reached the eastern end 

 of Prince William Sound, 375 miles 

 northeast of the volcano, about noon of 

 June 7, at which time the log of the 

 steamer Bertha records that the sun 

 turned red in a clear sky, the air became 

 hazy, and dust began falling. Cannonad- 

 ing at irregular intervals was heard 

 aboard the steamer at 2 a. m., June 8, at 

 Cordova. The Whiteshead wireless sta- 

 tion reported at this time that the noises 

 had already been heard there for 36 

 hours. There was a light westerly breeze 

 when the dust first came, but after the 

 steamer passed Cape Hinchenbrook the 

 wind came from the east, but the fall 

 of ash increased, continuing until the 

 steamer reached Juneau, at 8 p. m., June 

 10. The heaviest fall was east of Cape 

 St. Elias, in a fresh easterly breeze. 



Dust fell at Katalla (410 miles from 

 Katmai volcano) 48 hours after the 

 first explosions, which sounded like dis- 

 charges of dynamite in the near-by hills. 

 The ash came first on a southwest, but 

 afterward on an east, wind. For about 

 three days the air was so thick that one 

 could see only a mile or two. There was 

 no darkness, and only about yi inch of 

 ash fell. Vegetation was turned yellow. 



The steamer Admiral Sampson also 

 reported that ash fell all the way from 

 Seldovia to Juneau. The air was so 

 thick that one could not see more than 

 2 miles until passing Cape Spencer. 

 Brass tarnished in 15 or 20 minutes after 

 being polished. 



It was reported in the press that dust 

 fell in Ketchikan (900 miles from Kat- 

 mai) June 8, and in Vancouver and Vic- 

 toria June II. 



Dust fell 90 miles southwest of Eagle 

 the morning of the loth, and was re- 

 ported from Dawson on the nth. It fell 

 also in small but appreciable quantities 

 at Fairbanks, Ruby, and in the Innoko 

 district. 



SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 



The freely erupting condition of the 

 volcano, which appears to date from the 



cessation of the continuous violent ex- 

 plosions and of the ejection of large vol- 

 umes of ashes, etc., about the 8th of June, 

 continued until at least the last week in 

 August. The exact conditions during 

 this time are not known, but it is evident 

 that violent earthquakes occurred fre- 

 quently; that the crater or craters sent 

 forth vast and probably continuous 

 clouds of vapor, and that at times con- 

 siderable dust was ejected. 



At Cold Bay (50 miles from Katmai 

 Volcano), where complete daily records 

 were kept from June 6 to August 15, 

 earthquakes were recorded on 50 of the 

 70 days from June 8 till August 15. They 

 were heaviest on the following dates : 

 June 8, II, 13, 17, 21, 22, 28, July 4, 16, 

 21, 23, 24, 30, and 31. The most severe 

 ones were noted on June 11, 21, and 

 July 30. 



Sounds, probably of volcanic explo- 

 sions, were heard at Cold Bay on June 

 17, 22, 28, July 9, 16, and August 13. 



The presence of fumes and falling 

 dust at Cold Bay was influenced largely 

 by the direction and intensity of the 

 wind. Fumes were noted almost contin- 

 ually from June 8 till July 5, from July 

 12 till July 24, and on July 30 and 31, 

 and August 10 to 12. They were strong- 

 est on June 8 to 11, 17, 23, 24, and Au- 

 gust 5. A general decrease in their in- 

 tensity is thus shown. Dust was preva- 

 lent in the air until June 24, falling in 

 sufficient amount to be seen upon the 

 ground on June 10, 13, 17, 21, and 24. 



The times at which columns of steam 

 and other visible evidence of conditions 

 at the volcano could be seen from Cold 

 Bay depended chiefly, if not wholly, 

 upon weather conditions, and are conse- 

 quently of little significance other than 

 indicating that they were probably al- 

 ways present. 



The glare of volcanic light upon the 

 steam and clouds was observed on June 

 23 and July 21 and 31. This phenome- 

 non could be seen only during favorable 

 weather conditions, so its apparent ab- 

 sence at other times is not significant. 



Some of the phenomena observed at 

 Cold Bay were of widespread occurrence : 



On the morning of June 9 observers 

 at Naknek, 80 miles northwest of the 

 volcano, saw a beautiful illuminated fun- 



