Photo by Frederick Moore 



ASIATIC TURKISH TROOPS IN OLD ZOUAVE; UNIFORMS, SOCKS PULLE;d OVER 



TROUSERS, DRILLING 



Notice physiognomies of these as compared with European types of Turks 



rope had been narrowed down, until at 

 the beginning of the present war the 

 provinces of Albania, Macedonia, and 

 the Adrianople vilayet (known in ancient 

 times as Thrace) composed all the Euro- 

 pean territory remaining under the domi- 

 nation of the Sultan. 



There was no reason why the Balkan 

 Allies could not have driven the Turks 

 out of Europe ten, or even twenty, years 

 ago, had they been able to agree upon the 

 division of the territory and had they 

 been bold enough to defy the dictation 

 of Europe, — which has been anxious al- 

 ways to avoid the dangers of a conflict 

 between the great Powers. But because 

 there were Greeks, Bulgarians, and Ser- 

 vians scattered over European Turkey, 

 each small State, unduly ambitious, pre- 

 ferred to let the years slip by in the hope 

 of some turn of politics among the Pow- 

 ers that would work in its favor. 



At last, however, the leading statesmen 

 if not the masses of the people of the 

 Balkan States set aside their jealousies 



and rival ambitions, and, coming to an 

 agreement early in 191 2, entered in a 

 few months into the present war confi- 

 dent of success. 



THE ALLIES FORCE THE ISSUE 



They had always reason or excuse for 

 war. The Turk had never seriously re- 

 formed; he had not assimilated the con- 

 quered people, nor had he done what has 

 made the. English powerful among for- 

 eign races over which they rule — he had 

 not governed justly or well. In the case 

 of each of the Allied States there were 

 people of their own blood and religion 

 just beyond their frontiers being con- 

 stantly persecuted and massacred. 



When the States were ready for war 

 they made demands of Turkey which 

 they knew the pride and arrogance of the 

 Mohammedan, who had held them so long 

 in subjection, could not accept. They de- 

 manded no less than the right of inter- 

 ference in the control of affairs in Eu- 

 ropean Turkey, in order to put a stop to 



