ALUAXIAX KAXASSKS, DRKSSED IN THE SA-MK "l" USTEN ELLA, 

 THAT THE NORTHERN GREEK WEARS 



f hoto by !• rederick Mooie 

 (m PLEATED SKH^T, 



The Kavass is the armed watchman whom the foreign emlmssies or consulates keep to 

 protect them and their residences in Turke.v. Note their pistols 



man eng-ineers and military ofificers who 

 had aided in the construction of the for- 

 tifications of Adriano])le, that the Bul- 

 jT^arians would Ijrcak their hacks, so to 

 speak, there at Adrianoplc, just as the 

 Russians liad spent so miH'h of their 

 energy and their time at Plevna in the 

 war of 1877 before proceeding on to 

 Constantinople. While the Bulgarians 

 stormed and invested the position at 

 Adrianople the Turks planned to bring 

 up their great hordes of men — it would 

 take several months, to be sure — from 

 Asia ^^inor. 



The lUilgarians, however, did not stop 

 at Adrianople. Contenting themselves 

 with masking the fortresses there with 

 ■only sufficient men to prevent the garri- 

 son escaping or getting in further sup- 

 plies, they pushed on at once toward their 

 goal. 



And what was the result of their get- 

 ting to the Chataldja entrenchments with- 

 in three weeks after they first charged 

 the Turkish lines? The result was amaz- 

 ing; so terrific that almost any nation 

 would have made peace withotit another 

 battle and would have paid whatever in- 

 demnity the Allies saw fit to demand. 

 I hit the soul of the Turk is of a difl^ercnt 

 stuff. I lis religion is not a thing that 

 considers seriously a waste of this world's 

 fiesh and blood. 



The Turks had had in all probably 

 400,000 armed men s.-attered over Euro- 

 pean Turkey, yet they could muster on 

 the Chataldja lines but 70.000 effectives 

 for the defense of C(Mistantinople. The 

 others are to be accounted for in various 

 ways ; some had been killed in battle, 

 some had died or become inefifective by 

 starvation and disea.se, some had been 



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