zation, and who left, as architec- 

 tural records, such cyclopean struc- 

 tures as the fortresses of Sacsahu- 

 aman and Ollantaytambo. These 

 people were attacked by barbarian 

 hordes coming from the south — 

 possibly from the Argentine pam- 

 pas. They were defeated, and fled 

 into one of the most inaccessible 

 Andine caiions. Here, in a region 

 strongly defended by nature, they 

 established themselves ; here their "^ 

 descendants lived for several cen- 

 turies. The chief place was called 

 Tampu Tocco. Eventually regain- 

 ing their military strength and be- 

 coming crowded in this mountain- 

 ous valley, they left Tampu Tocco, 

 and, under the leadership of three 

 brothers, went out of three win- 

 dows (or caves) and started for 

 Cuzco.* 



The migration was slow and de- 

 liberate. They eventually reached 

 Cuzco, and there established the 

 Inca kingdom, which through sev- 

 eral centuries spread by conquest 

 over the entire plateau, and even 

 as far south as Chile and as far 

 north as Ecuador. 



This Inca empire had reached its 

 height when the Spaniards came. 

 The Spaniards were told that 

 Tampu Tocco was at a place called 

 Pacaritampu, a small village a day's 

 journey southwest cf Cuzco and in 

 the Apurimac Valley. The chron- 

 iclers duly noted this location, and 

 it has been taken for granted ever 

 since that Tampu Tocco was at Pa- 

 caritampu. 



THi; significance: of "windows" 



Tampu means "tavern," or "a 

 place of temporary abode." Tocco 

 means "window." The legend is 

 distinctly connected with a place of 

 windows, preferably of three win- 

 dows, from which the three broth- 

 ers, the heads of three tribes or 

 cjans, started out on the campaign 

 that founded the Inca empire. 



So far as I could discover, few 

 travelers have ever taken the trou- 



*See Markham's "Incas of Peru,"- 

 Chapter IV. 



410 



