'■ J Photo by Hiram Bingham 



A REST DURING PRELIMINARY CLEARING : MACHU PICCHU 



A corner of Ingenuity Group, showing the entrance on the left to a subsidiarj- group and on 

 the right to the house that has the stone mortars in its floor (see page 469) 



Owing to the location of Machu Pic- 

 chu in this extremely inaccessible part of 

 the Andes, to its clearly having been a 

 city of refuge, easily defended and suited 

 for defensive purposes ; owing to the 

 presence of a large number of windows 

 in the ruins, and particularly to the pres- 

 ence of three large windows in one of 

 the principal temples. I believe it to have 

 been the original Tampu Tocco, from 

 which the Incas caine when they started 

 on that migration which led them to con- 

 quer Cuzco and to establish the Inca 

 Empire. 



The difficulties of life for several cen- 

 turies in the \'ilcabamba region would 

 have been likely to have developed this 

 ingenious and extremely capable race and 

 given them strength of character. The 

 influence of geographical environment is 

 no small factor in developing racial char- 

 acteristics. I hope at no distant future 

 to prepare an exhaustive report of this 

 wonderful city, whose charm can only 

 dimly be realized from these pictures. 



The beautiful blue of the tropical sky, 

 the varying shades of green that clotiie 

 the magnificent mountains, and the mys- 

 terious charm of the roaring rapids thou- 



sands of feet below cannot be portrayed 

 and can with difficulty be imagined. 



THE PANORAMIC VIEW 



The beautiful panoramic view of Ma- 

 chu Picchu. which accompanies this arti- 

 cle as a Supplement, gives a good idea of 

 the grand Caiion of the Urubamba as 

 seen from Machu Picchu, of the sacred 

 Plaza, and Intihuatana Hill, and of the 

 East City. 



Unfortunately, it was impossible to 

 take a picture that would also include 

 the other half of Machu Picchu. includ- 

 ing the remarkable Upper City, with its 

 rows of houses, each one on a separate 

 terrace, the beautiful buildings of the 

 Princess Group, and the splendid stone- 

 work of the King's Group. All of these 

 are behind and to the right of one look- 

 ing at this panorama. And still further 

 behind are the agricultural terraces, our 

 camp, and Machu Picchu :Mountain ; but 

 these are all shown in separate views. 



The Incas were, undeniably, lovers of 

 beautiful scenery. :\rany of the ruins of 

 their most important places are located 

 on hill tops, ridges, and mountain shoul- 



473 



