able to spend a very few days m 

 Cuzco after the find was made, and 

 concluded his report with these 

 words : 



"Further excavation is needed, for 

 the same body of gravels may yield 

 material that will put the conclusions 

 upon a more solid foundation. If 

 later studies should yield evidence in 

 favor of the conclusion that the ma 

 terial belongs to the Spanish period, 

 we shall have still the fact of inter- 

 stratification as a starting point, and 

 the conclusions based upon that fact 

 will have almost equal interest with 

 the conclusions here stated, as to the 

 Glacial age of the material. Changes 

 of such magnitude indicate a swing 

 of the climatic pendulum but little 

 short of remarkable." 



Since further examination of the 

 Cuzco gravel beds and a comprehen 

 sive study of their age seemed essen 

 tial, this was one of the chief objects 

 of the 1912 expedition, and it was 

 with this particular end in view that 

 Professor Gregory and Dr. Eaton 

 were asked to go to Cuzco. 



idi;nti5^ying thi; "bisonic" bone 



Among the bones Dr. Eaton had 

 noted three fragments of bones be- 

 longing either to cattle or bison, 

 whose specific identification was be- 

 set with almost insuperable difficul- 

 ties. After examining skeletal bison 

 remains in various museums and 

 comparing them with these frag- 

 ments and with similar bones of a 

 number of North American domes- 

 tic cattle, he found that one of the 

 bones, a fragmentary bovine rib, was 

 of a form which appeared to be 

 characteristic of the bisons and dif- 

 ferent from the forms seen in North 

 American domestic cattle. 



Dr. Eaton had said in his pub- 

 lished report : "It cannot be denied 

 that the material examined suggests 

 the possibility that some species of 

 bison is here represented, yet it 

 would hardly be in accordance with 

 conservative methods to differentiate 

 bison from domestic cattle solely by 

 characters obtained from a study of 



496 



