Photo by Hiram JJingham 

 AN E^XAMPLE; 01" REMARKABLY SYMMETRICAL 

 MASONRY 



Another view- of the interior of the oriest's house 

 and the sacred rock back of it. Note the steps cut 

 in the rock to enable the priest to get on top of it 

 and salute the rising sun are just visible in the pic- 

 ture. 



The scale of the Cuzco Valley map is 

 I inch to the mile, and the contour in- 

 terval is loo feet. The map covers in 

 all 174 square miles. It includes nearly 

 all the territory that drains into the valley 

 of the River Huatanay, which rises in the 

 mountains back of Cuzco, flows through 

 the city and under part of it between 

 walls constructed by the Incas, crosses 

 the bed of an ancient lake, and finally 

 joins the upper waters of the Urubamba, 

 called at this point the Vilcanota or Vil- 

 camayu. 



Peruvian rivers have a habit of chang- 



ing their names every few miles, 

 and this particular river is no ex- 

 ception. It is called at various 

 times the Vilcanota, the Vilcamayu, 

 the Rio Grande, the Urubamba, the 

 Santa Ana, and finally unites with 

 other rivers to form the Ucayali, 

 one of the great branches of the 

 Amazon. 



Mr. Bumstead's map of Cuzco 

 Valley shows the elevations and 

 relative positions of Cuzco, the 

 great cyclopean fortress of Sacsa- 

 huaman, and the four historic 

 roads leading out of the ancient 

 Inca capital. It also aims to bring 

 out clearly the chief topographic 

 and physiographic features that are 

 characteristic of the locality. It 

 will be used by Professor Gregory 

 and Dr. Eaton as a basis for their 

 reports on the geology and oste- 

 ology of this region. If extensive 

 scientific archeological work is evei- 

 permitted in this region, this map 

 will be of great service in deter- 

 mining the geographic influences in 

 the location of the ruins. 



Ill 



MAP-WORK OE THE EXPEDITION 



The map-work was under the di- 

 rection of Mr. Albert H. Bumstead, 

 for nine years a topographic engi- 

 neer in the United States Geolog- 

 ical Survey. Mr. Bumstead's work 

 was seriously handicapped by the 

 fact that the seasons seem to be 

 changing in Peru, and an unex- 

 pectedly large amount of rain was 

 encountered in what is technically 

 known as the "dry season." Further- 

 more, the difficulties of making maps iti 

 a lofty plateau, where, for example, the 

 bottom of the Cuzco Valley is more than 

 twice as high as the top of Mount Wash- 

 ington, can hardly be appreciated except 

 by those who have tried to do field-work 

 at similar elevations. 



In 191 1, owing to lack of preliminary 

 reconnaissance and excessively hard local 

 conditions, the topographer of the expe- 

 dition had been unable to do an3'^thing on 

 the most difficult part of the cross-section 

 map. This work was now undertaken by 



S06 



