measured by Hiram Bingha 

 Jrawn by Albert H. Bumstead 



PLANS OF THE RUINS OF LLACTA IN PALCAY DISCOVERED IN I912 



The most remarkable feature of this fortified stronghold is that the cross-streets repre- 

 sent as nearly the exact cardinal points as it was possible for men working with crude tools 

 to effect. These ruins are in the Southern Hemisphere, so the North Star is not visible. 

 The ancient Peruvians did not know the use of the compass, and if they had the buildings 

 would have been arranged according to the magnetic north and not according to true north. 

 So exactly do the streets follow the local meridian and parallel that the exact orientation 

 can hardly be said to be an accident (see pages 535 and 537). 



ACCIDENTS AMONG THE INDIANS. 



The Indians suffered quite as much as 

 the white men on this journey. One of 

 the bearers, who was carrying a food- 

 box weighing 60 pounds, sHpped on a 

 steep bank and fell 20 feet ; the box, 

 which fell with him. oi)ened his head. 

 The man was not killed, but of course 

 had to be sent home, and as laborers 

 were extremely scarce, his presence was 

 seriously missed. 



.\nother Indian ran a stick into his 

 foot and blood-poisoning ensued. .\ third 

 slipped off a precipitous rock and fortu- 

 nately was saved by the rope which had 

 been tied to his waist when passing this 



dangerous part of the trail, although he 

 had a toe-nail torn off and suffered con- 

 siderably from blood-poisoning. 



The results of these hardships were 

 the route map — the first ever made of 

 this section of the Andes — the discovery 

 c^f a ninnber of hitherto unknown Inca 

 engineering works, including ditches and 

 agricultural terraces, now buried deep in 

 the jungle and practically inaccessible, 

 and a few boxes of archeological and 

 osteological specimens. 



Because of the scarcity of labor, the 

 terror of the Indians, and the small quan- 

 tity of provisions that could be carried 

 over the extremely difficult trail, the party^ 

 was only able to spend five days at Choq~ 



559 



