IN THE WONDERLAND OF PERU 



561 



quequirau. Under Dr. Eaton's direction 

 1 1 graves were examined and such skel- 

 etal material and pottery collected as four 

 men could carry on their return march. 

 No metal objects were found in these 

 graves. 



The method of burial was similar to 

 that observed at Machu Picchu, except 

 that the construction of bottle-necked 

 graves was far superior at Choqque- 

 quirau, and this style of grave apparently 

 more in vogue than at ^Nlachu Picchu. 

 It may be noted here as significant that 

 apparently the best example of the bot- 

 tle-necked grave at Machu Picchu was 

 found in a house closely resembling in 

 its architectural details the buildings at 

 Choqquequirau. 



This route had only been used three 

 times previously : ( i ) bv the French ex- 

 plorer Sartiges in 1834 (2) by the Pe- 

 ruvian explorer Samanez in 1861, and 

 (3) by the Almanza brothers in 1885. 

 It was used successfully this year for the 

 first time since 1885. Great credit is due 

 yir. Heald for his courage and persever- 

 ance. 



VIII 



AXTlIR0P01,0CxCAL STUDIES. 



The anthropological study consisted 

 chiefly in the taking, v/ith extreme care 

 and marked regard for scientific accu- 

 racy, of a number of anthropometric 

 measurements. 



The blanks used for the measurements 

 were ])repared by Dr. H. B. Ferris, of 

 the Yale Medical School, and the results 

 and photographs have been turned over 

 to him for the preparation of a report 

 on the anatomical characteristics of the 

 IMountain Indians of Southern Peru as 

 rei)rcsented in the data obtained by the 

 expedition. 



(^wing to the habit that the Mountain 

 Indians have of frequently visiting Cuzco, 

 the principal center of population, we 

 were enabled to secure measurements of 

 representatives of many villages and 

 towns that we did not visit. I'esides 

 Cuzco, anthropological measurements 

 were taken in Huadquifia, Machu Picchu, 

 and Santa Ana. 



At Machu Picchu we had our own 



workmen to draw on, while at Santa 

 Ana and Iluadquina the managers of 

 the large sugar plantations kindly placed 

 their laborers at our dispo.sal. In Cuzco 

 it was necessary to employ force. 1 lad 

 it not been for the willingness of the 

 Peruvian government to assist us. W3 

 should have failed in our object. 



The method followed was to have the 

 officer or soldier who was assigned to us 

 go out on the streets and arrest any In- 

 dians that seemed to be of pure blood 

 and who proclaimed by their costumes 

 and general appearance that they were 

 typical ]\Iountain Indians. 



On being arrested, the unfortunate 

 subjects were brought to the doctor's 

 room at the hotel. Many of the Indians 

 thought that they were being recruited 

 for service in the army, and not a few 

 shed tears a . the thought ; others were 

 only curious. All were much relieved 

 when they were set free and given a 

 five-cent piece with which to buy chic ha 

 (native beer made from maize). 



Thirty-eight measurements were taken 

 of each subject — measurements of head, 

 face, ears, and nose, as well as of height 

 standing, kneeling, sitting, and others. 

 Many other data were also recorded con- 

 cerning any peculiarities or deformations, 

 color of eyes and hair, and other facts of 

 anthropological interest. 



One hundred and forty-five Indians 

 were thus studied, and a front and side 

 view photograph taken of each. They 

 represented 16 provinces and 60 towns. 

 ]Most of these were men. Photographs 

 of many Indian women were also taken 

 in Cuzco and at the stations between 

 Cuzco and Mollendo. making 433 photo- 

 graphs in all taken for this study. 



Some of the Indians were greatly 

 frightened at the procedure. To one aged 

 Indian military honors appealed, and he 

 took his measurements with a smiling 

 face, .\nother Indian, when he fount' he 

 cculd have his picture taken free, dressed 

 in his Sunday clothes. The next dav he 

 returned to see the photograph. When 

 he was shown the negative he refused to 

 believe that it was his picture, because 

 he couldn't see the colors and the span- 

 gles that decorated that Sunday coat he 

 wore. 



