BRANNER: TFIE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 3 



PAGE 



Conclusions regarding coast changes 169 



VI. The Consolidatiox of the Stone Rekfs 171 



The cement 171 



Analysis of rock from the stone reef of Hio Formoso 172 



The microscopic examination of thin sections of sandstone from the 



Rio Formoso reefs 173 



The origin of the cementing material 174 



Cement from the beach sands by rain-water or spray 175 



Lime carbonate from the ocean 177 



Carbon dioxide of submarine volcanic origin 178 



Carbon dioxide from sea-water, but not of eruptive origin . . . 182 



Is the process universal ? 184 



Lime carbonate from the land 186 



Tiie consolidated beaclies of the Levant 187 



Relations of density to deposition 190 



The seaward percolation of acid land-water 192 



Possible influence of climate 193 



The hardening process is not a continuous one 194 



Conclusions regarding the consolidation of the reefs 195 



VII. The Age of the Sandstone Reefs 197 



Stratigraphic relations 197 



Physiographic relations 198 



The fossils in the reefs 198 



Conclusions 200 



VIII. Annotated Bibliography of the Stone Reefs of Brazil . . 201 



Re'sume' of the bibliography 225 



IX. The Coral Reefs 226 



Local details 226 



The Rocas . 226 



Cape St. Roque reefs 228 



Lavandeira reefs 228 



Joao da Cunha reef 228 



Ceara reefs 228 



Fernando de Noronha 229 



The coral reef of Parahyba do Norte 232 



Coral reefs between Parahyba and Recife 235 



The coral reefs from Pernambuco to Santo Aleixo 236 



Santo Aleixo 237 



The coral reefs between Santo Aleixo and Maceio 239 



Analysis of reef rock 241 



The Bahia reef 246 



Reefs between Itaparica and Caravellas 249 



Coral reefs off Caravellas 251 



The Abrolhos reefs 256 



Thickness of the coral reefs of Brazil 259 



The age of the coral reefs 261 



The chemical composition of Brazilian corals 263 



List of the corals of the coast of Brazil 266 



Notes on the corals collected. By A. W. Greeley 268 



The Maceio coral reef 270 



Re'sume of conclusions regarding the coral reefs 274 



Explanation of the Plates 276 



