BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 23 



several kilometres, but in all the hill-tops the rocks are red and yellow 

 and mottled, and these colors descend on the slopes of the hills almost 

 or, in places, quite to tide level. Though I have been over these hills 

 many times and carefully searched for the contact between what were 

 formerly considered to be Cretaceous and Tertiary beds, I have never 

 succeeded in finding anything suggesting a line of division. 



The Island of Itamarac^ has limestones and calcareous sandstones 

 exposed about its lower levels, but its hill-tops are capped with the 

 weathered red beds. I found fossils in the lowest beds at tide-level, 

 on the northwest comer of the island, but I could find no dividing line 

 between these and the red and yellow earths that cap the hills on this 

 corner of the island. Dr. Louis Lombard showed me Cretaceous 

 cephalopods collected by him near the southwest end of the island 

 from the limestone, and I was told of several lime-kilns about the 

 place, but over the island generally the hill-tops are of red and yellow 

 soil. 



At the point of land about a kilometre south of Jacuma on the coast 

 of the State of Pai-ahyba do ISTorte, the rock exposed at the water's 

 edge is yellow fossiliferous calcareous sandstone like that at Itamaraca. 

 Within a distance of two hundred metres of the fossiliferous beds the 

 sea has exposed overlying colored strata at as low a level or lower, but 

 no dividing line can be seen between the two. They merge imperceptibly 

 into each other. 



At Parahyba the fossiliferous Cretaceous beds are exposed near the 

 railway station in the cuts along the line leading to Cabedello, while the 

 tops of the hills on which the city is built are of the red and mottled 

 weathered beds. I naturally hoped to find in this railway cut, made 

 since my first visit to Parahyba, the contact between Tertiary and Cre- 

 taceous, but, as elsewhere, the two divisions merge together so impercep- 

 tibly that no separation can be made out though the exposure is a 

 fairly good one. 



The colored beds cap the hills on which the city of Parahyba stands, 

 and continue eastward to Cape Branco, where they are well exposed upon 

 the beach. 



In Bahia between Jaguaripe and Nazareth there are pinkish horizontal 

 sandstones that, according to our former classification, were included in 

 the Tertiary, but north of Sao Thome' on the shores of the bay, similar 

 sandstones have a north dip of from ten to fifteen degrees. These beds 

 are pink in the hill-top, but lose that color as they approach and pass 

 below tide-level. 



