branner: the stone reefs of brazil. 



59 



and Favia grow sparingly, and 

 crabs, sea-urchins, and small 

 fishes are abundant. The 

 quieter waters on the landward 

 side of the reef contain great 

 patches of brown polyps and 

 some small heads of Porites. 

 The outer or seaward side of 

 the reef is covered with polyps, 

 corallines and other Algae. 



Tlie Rio Doce stone reef. — 

 The Rio Doce is a small stream 

 entering the sea 7.4 kilometres 

 north of the Oliuda lighthouse. 

 From Olinda northward the Ter- 

 tiary hills swing inland, and, 

 keeping more or less parallel 

 with the coast, approach the sea 

 again only on the north side of 

 Rio Maria Farinha.'^ 



From one of the valleys cut 

 across this Tertiary plateau and 

 across the intervening flat coun- 

 try flows the Rio Doce. Along 

 the beach both north and south 

 of the river's mouth is a long 

 narrow bank of loose sand from 

 two to four metres high. Be- 

 hind this bank the land is lower 

 and flat, while near the river 

 it is covered with mangi'ove 

 swamps. 



Beginning one kilometre south 

 of the mouth of this river is a 



1 The hydrograpliic chart is at 

 fault here in not showing the hills 

 at Maria Farinha just north of the 

 river. Besides, there are no such 

 railways as those shown on chart 

 150.3 running from Goyanna nearly 

 to Olinda. 



ATLANTIC OCEAW 



Fu.. oO. 



