bkanner: the sto^'e eeefs of brazil. 



97 



beach for more than half a mile. ... In front of the town the reef 

 clings to the shore, though there is a channel behind it filled at high 

 water. The reef is much shattered, and great blocks lie tumbled about 

 in confusion, broken from it by the waves. ... At the extremity the reef 

 is double, the remains of an old reef being visible on the outer side." 



The stone reef of Porto Serjuro} — The Porto Seguro reef, like so 

 many other of the stone reefs, lies across the mouth of a valley through 

 which a river — in this case 

 the Buranhaem or Cachoe- 

 ira — enters the sea. North 

 of this valley the coast hills, 

 from forty to fifty metres in 

 height, are close to the 

 beach, but here and there 

 are cut at right angles by 

 narrow valleys. These hills 

 with their flat tops come 

 close to the valley of the Cachoeira, where they are cut down abruptly 

 and left with an almost wall-like face standing at an angle of forty-five 

 degrees or more. 



In the accompanying sketch (Fig. 62) the profile of the hills is seen 

 where the face of the hill intersects the water horizon. About half a 



Fig. 62. Porto Seguro from the sea. 



Fig. 63. Valley north of Porto Seguro. 



kilometre north of the upper cit}- a narrow valley cutting across these 

 hills has the outline shown in Figure C3. 



^ The map of Porto Seguro and its reef herewith is from a survey made in 1876 

 by Luther Wagoner, member of the Commissilo Gcologica do Brazil. It lias not 

 been published before. 



VOL. XLIV. 7 



