BKANNER : THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 101 



in places on the beach itself. This reef is broken at the mouth of Eio 

 Camorupim. I was told by persons living near Eio Pirangy that this 

 reef continues to the north of the Camorupim nearly to Tabatinga. I 

 was also shown blocks of stone said to have been taken from this reef. 

 The rock is the recent reef sandstone containing the characteristic 

 fossils. 



Sao Miguel, Alcujoas. — Pedro Antonio dos Santos of Porto de Pedras, 

 State of Alagoas, is one of the few men I have met who has distin- 

 guished between the coral and the sandstone reefs of this coast. He 

 informs me that there is a reef of sandstone across the mouth of the Rio 

 de Sao Miguel twenty-four kilometres south of Maceio. 



Ilheos. — At Ilheos, State of Bahia, is a reef on the beach south of 

 the Morro de Pernambuco which appears to be of sandstone. It laps 

 against the crystalline rocks of the hill at its northern end, and extends 

 down the beach for a kilometre or more, lying in front of the low 

 lands of Pontal and across the mouth of the river. (See illustration 

 on p. 154.) 



Miscellaneous localities. — On the trip down the beach from Pernam- 

 buco to Maceio at several places besides those already mentioned the 

 beach sands were found more or less lithified. The most of these are 

 here specified. 



At Candeias, sixteen kilometres south of the Pernambuco lighthouse, 

 there is a soft sandstone exposed on the beach for about three hundred 

 metres. It is evenly bedded, very calcareous, and so soft that the ham- 

 mer sinks in it. Worm or moUuscan borings made in these sands while 

 soft are enough harder than the rest of the material to be left, on being 

 washed by the surf, looking like roots penetrating the beds. These soft 

 rocks are all within reach of the highest tides. 



A little further south at the Barra das Jangadas, where the stream 

 enters the sea, a soft calcareous sandstone is exposed by the encroach- 

 ment of the stream on its northern bank. A kilometre fui-ther up this 

 stream on its north bank the light brown sands are partly hardened. 

 These beds also have the molluscan tubes crossing them. 



Pedras Pretas is a small cape just north of Cape Santo Agostinho and 

 thirty kilometres south of Pernambuco. In the curve of the shore north 

 of the point there is a soft sandstone on the beach. It stands half a 

 metre and less above the sands, is from five to ten metres wide, and three 

 hundred metres long. 



It dips with the beach 5°, 7°, and 8°. The sandstone is not coarse, 

 and it contains but few shells ; there are some red iron cemented 



