BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 103 



The following localities I have not seen, but they are mentioned by 

 Hartt : 1 A bit of consolidated beach of " quartz sand cemented by car- 

 bonate of lime " just south of Guarapary, State of Espirito Santo (p. 62). 

 At Barra Secca, about fifty kilometres north of the mouth of Eio 

 Doce, there is a similar sandstone uncovered at low tide (p. 107). 



At As Pedras, Espirito Santo, there is a similar sandstone on the 

 beach (p. 114). "The sandstone is exceedingly hard. Two sets of 

 joints — one parallel with the beach line, the other at right angles to it 

 — divide it into great blocks, which, in those spots where they have been 

 undermined by the surf, lie upset and in confusion along the edge of the 

 reef Along these joints the rock is harder than between them° so that 

 when the surface of a block is exposed to the action of the sea, the edges 

 wear less rapidly than the middle, and the cracks seen on a worn surface 

 are oftentimes bordered by narrow ridges. ... The waves beat terribly 

 against the reef, and it is badly broken up." 



1 Ch. Fred Hartt, Geology and physical geography of Brazil. Boston, 1870. 



