206 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



mation the author was able to gather in Holland regarding the port, 

 reef, and city of Recife during the occupancy of the Dutch from 1630 to 

 1654:. Tliis paper is accompanied by an interesting map showing the 

 changes thus found to have taken place between the middle of the seven- 

 teenth century and 1876, when this map was made. It gives a brief 

 resume of the physical history of Pernambuco during Dutch occupation. 

 " As an example of the rather strange topographic inexactness," he cites, 

 " the pronounced bend of the reef, ... a bend which could not have 

 existed, as one may see, aside from other proofs, by glancing at the pan- 

 orama of the port drawn by Post in Barlaeus' history." 



Francisco de Brito Freyre. Xova Lusitania, Historia da guerra Bra- 

 silica. Lisboa ua officina de Joam Galram. Anno 1675. Livro 

 quarto, sec, 339, p. 1 76. 

 Speaking of the city of Eecife, the author says : " The impetus of the 

 waves is broken by the chain of a very remarkable reef which rises 

 slightly above and is occasionally covered by water, continuing a great 

 number of leagues, which, though cut by nature, is almost as even as ar- 

 tificial walls." 



Gama. Joz^ Bernardo Fernandas. ]\Iemorias Historicas da Provincia 

 de Pernambuco. Pernambuco, 1844-8. 

 Volume III. contains a plan of the city and reef of Pernambuco, after 

 Barlaeus (1647). Volume IV. has another plan after Col. (J. J. de Nei- 

 meyer on which the position of the reef is shown by a straight line. 



Gandavo, Pero de Magalhanes de. Histoire de la Province de Sancta- 

 Cruz que nous nommons ordinairement Bresil. Lisbonue, 1576. 

 (Voyages, relations et memoires originaux de L'Amerique. Par 

 -~ Henri Ternaux. Paris, 1837. II.) 



Speaking of the Pernambuco reef, this author says : " At one league to 

 the south of the Olinda colony, a reef or chain of rocks forms the port " 

 (p. 37). 



Gardner, George. Travels in tlie Interior of Brazil, principally through 

 the northern provinces. London, 1846, p. 80, 94, 103, 104, 154. 

 At Pan Amarello, a small fishing village between Pernambuco and 

 Itamaricd, the reef is about a mile from the shore, and is ther', no;- con- 

 cealed by high water. Gardner noticed a strong resemblance between 

 the reef rock and the sandstones at Piio Formoso, and thought he "could 

 trace, at low water, a rocky connection between the reef and the rocks of 

 which the hills were composed. It is more probable that the reef owes 



