branner: the stone reefs of brazil. 211 



Kidder Daniel p. Sketches of residence and travel m Brazil. 2 vols 

 Philadelphia, 1845. II. 123. 

 Dr. Kidder states that the rock of the reef of dark brown external 

 appearance is hard yellowish sandstone containing bivalve shells • he 

 refers to is "extending along the greater portion of the northern Is 



aUngh tide. At low water it is left dry, and stands like an artificial 



Koater, Henry Travels in Brazil. 1st ed. London, 1816. 2d ed 

 London, 1817. > -u cu. 



Koster lived i„ the Province of Pernambuoo from 1809 to 1815. I„ 

 Vol. I. he g,ves a pl,„ of tl>e port of Pernambueo, showin- the reef 

 furmshed "by an English gentleman resident at Eeeife." It'shows e 

 reef eurvmg toward the land. " The reef of rocks . . . continneTalo^ 

 the whole coast between Pernambueo and Maranham, andTn some pa t! 

 .runs at a very short distance from the shore, and in this case "snl 

 hgh, remannng uncovered at low water, as at Recife, bnt in other 

 places , recedes from the land and is then generally concealed. I h s 

 numberless breaks in it, through which the communication with th a 

 IS laid open." (p. 13-U of 2d ed.) 



Laet, Jean de L'histoire dn Konveau Monde ou description des Indes 

 occdentales, contenant dix-huict Linres. Par le'^ieur lean de 

 Laet, d'Anuers. Leyde, 1640. 

 This writer, one of the directors of the WestJndia Companv, lived in 

 Pernambuco from the arrival of the Dutch in 1630 until 1636 



Spe.,k,„g of Olinda, he says (p. 530) : " The port of this ciiy . is 

 closed by rocks and banks as if by a bar (which borders the'ccs^ 

 B.azd for many leagues) so tirat large ships enter only by a narrow 

 passage " Again (p. 533), he says : "Almost all the coLt of Bra il il 

 bordered by rocks which form an almost continuous line, which rk 

 a e exposed a low tide, are about nine perches of ten f ct wUe au 

 often more and stand like a bar or rampart . . . cut at many points." 



"""'de^CeTct '" ft™ T ''"'''''' '•'"'"''' -^""^ Verrichtinghen 

 d Geo troyeerde AVest-Indische Compagnie Zedert haer Begin tot 

 liet eynde van't jaer 1 636. Leyden, 1644 



a,'elLT ''Z *'!r I ™'^ S"""^ '""P °f •^''P'= St- Agostinho, showin,. 

 the stone reef south of there. A map is also niven fn 36i^ „f th! 

 -uth of the river at Rio Grande do .Xorte showing lltn^rLf 



