branner: the stone reefs of brazil. 215 



oder Beschreibung des Welt-teils Araerik und des Sud-Landes, etc. Durch 

 Dr. 0. D. Zu Amsterdam. Bey Jacob vou Meurs, 1673. 



Mention is made of the reefs at many places along the coast. Oppo- 

 site page 542 is a copper-plate giving a view of the Pernambuco stone 

 reef from the south end. This plate is probably from the first edition 

 of Barlseus, however, and the drawing was probably made by the Dutch 

 artist Francis Post between 1630 and 1654. A part of the same view, 

 somewhat modified, is reproduced in Varnhagen's Historia Geral do 

 Brazil, 2d ed., I., p. 504. 



Moreav, Pierre. Histoire des derniers trovbles dv Bresil entre les Hol- 

 landois et les Portvgais. Paris, 1651. (Description du recif.) 

 " It is to be observed that Brazil from one end to the other, said to be 

 a distance of a thousand and fifty leagues, is bordered its whole length 

 by a large long flat rock usually from ten to twenty paces wide, in the 

 sea and a gun shot, more or less, from the shore, as high as a pike or 

 more, uncovered when the tide is out but not otherwise because it is all 

 covered." This work has a rather fantastic sketch, map, or diagram of 

 the reef and of the region between Olinda and Affogados (p. 3). 



Mouchez, Ernest. Les c6tes du Bresil, description et instructions nau- 

 tiques. Premiere section : du Cap Saint Roque a Bahia. Paris, 

 1874. 



This author says (p. 15, also p. 23) of the coast between Cape St. 

 Eoque and Rio Sao Francisco, that " a coral reef borders all the coast 

 from one to two miles out," and that south of the Sao Francisco, " the 

 reef ceases where sand dunes begin." The reef is said (p. 23) not to 

 be higher than high tide, and that it " is sometimes of groups of corals 

 more or less distant from each other, as at Cape St. Roque, and at other 

 times it forms a veritable wall parallel with the shore, as at Pernambuco." 



Reefs are spoken of at many of the various points at which they are 

 known to occur, but no mention is made of stone reefs as such. 



Nieuhof, Johan. Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaense Zee-en Lant-Reize. Am- 

 sterdam, 1682. 



This author derives Pernambuco from Inferno en hol'ko, which he un- 

 derstands to mean the " mouth of hell," on account of the rocks about 

 the hai'bor's mouth (p. 13). L^pon this explanation of the word Per- 

 nambuco, see foot-note under "Rolt." This is not properly rendered 

 in his English edition. 



On page 15 he gives the description quoted under the next title. 



