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^t Norber, we have the well known and splendid example of huge blocks of black 

 Silurian rock having been torn by glaciers from their parent bed in the Crummock 

 Valley and distributed in large numbers over the white limestone at the mouth of 

 the valley. Some of these blocks have been borne round to the west of the 

 southern end, at least 250 feet higher than the place from which they were torn. 



BOTANY.— In Davis & Lees' 'West Yorkshire,' 1878, pp. 266 and 267, 

 ■are given two lists, one of 94 plants from near Clapham, Austwick, P'eizor, 

 Lawkland, etc., the other of 46 found between Clapham and Bowland Knotts. 

 We are indebted for botanical notes to Mr. Reginald J. Farrer, Mr. Lister 

 Rotheray, Mr. J. Beanland, and Mr. W. West, F.L.S. 



Flowering Plants. — There are many very interesting plants to be found, 

 including AnagalUs tenella (damp field near station), TroUhis and Epipactis 

 latifolia (woods fringing the Wening), Ophrys inuscifera, Printula farinosa, 

 Gymnadenia, Campantda latifolia^ Cardmis heterophyllus, Parnassia, Hahenaria 

 <hlorantha, Viola hirta, Riibiis saxatilis, Gentiana amarella, [uniperus, 

 Poleiiionumi (rare), Rosa villosa, Antennaria dioica, Convallaria maialis, 

 Saxifraga hypnoides, various Drosens, Chrysospleniiivi oppositifoliuin, Pinguictila, 

 Vacciniimi oxycoccos, Sedu?)i rhodiola, Arenaria verna, A. goihica, Viola lutea. 

 Sax. aizoides, Riibiis chamcemortis, Aqiiilegia vulgaris, etc. , and various ferns occur. 



Mosses and Hepatics, — Mr. Lister Rotheray notes that numerous mosses 

 are on record, including Sphagnum tenelhiin, Rhabdoweissia fugax, Cainpylopus 

 iitrovirens, Distichitwi capillaceutn, Barbiila recurvifolia, B. torttcosa, Encalypta 

 Hliata, Racomitriuin heterostichuin, R. siidetiami, Orthotsichiim nudum, 

 O. rupestie, O. stramineiim, 0. crispum, Zygodon mougeotii, Atdacomnitcm 

 andi'ogyniim , Biyiim alpinum, B. elongatum, B. jnlaceiim, Cinclidium stygitim, 

 Bartramia calcarea, B. halleriana, Anonodon viticzdosus, Hypmtin pliimosum, 

 H. pumihim, H. swartzii, H. filicinum, H. kneiffii, H. scorpioides, Neckera crispa, 

 etc., and of Hepatics, Marchantia polymorpha, Preissia cojiimiitata, P'egatella 

 conica, Asterella hemispheiica, Liumlaria zndgaris, Lejeunea eckinata, Porella 

 platyphylla, P. rivularis, Lepidozia reptans, Chiloscyphus polyanthus, Trichocolea 

 tomejtttlla, and Scapania nemorosa, etc. 



Fungi. — No records. Lichens. — Colleina ceranoides. Mr. W. West, F.L.S. , 

 notes the following : Collema fiirviiiii, Leptogiiim lacerziin, Cetraria islandica, 

 Peltigera polydactyla, Solorina saccata, Pai-melia caperata, P. tiliacea, P. tenella, 

 Umbilicaria polyphylla, Squamaria saxicola, Placodiiim 7mt,rorum, P. candicans, 

 Lecanora parella, L. rupestris, L. calcarea, Pertusaria fallax, P. globulifera, The- 

 lotrema lepadinum, Lecidea lurida, L. sanguinaria, L. canescens, L. cupiilaris, 

 L. grossa, L. vesictdaris, L. geogj-aphica, Opegrapha varia, Norinandina Icetevirens, 

 Endocajpa rufescens, Verrucaria gemmata, V. calciseda, V. nitida, etc. 



Algae. — Mr. W. West, F.L.S., has collected many species within easy walk- 

 ing distance of Clapham, including Lemanea fiiiviatilis, Spirotcenia condensata, 

 MesotcEniuin inacrococciim, M. endlicherianuui, Penium navicida, P. polyiiiorphum, 

 Roya obtusa, Closterium cornu, C. costatum, C. directtim, C. juncidum, C. kiitz- 

 ingii, C. parvuhun, C. pseudodiancB, C. subulatum, C. veniis, Pleurotcenium 

 ehi'enbergii, Tetmemorus brebissonii, Eiiastruin affine, E. ansatum, E. didelta, E. 

 ■elegans, E. notabile, E. oblongum, Micrasterias amertcana, M. rotata, Xanthidiuin 

 aculeatum, X. antilopaum, Cosmarium blyttii, C. bioculatum, C. brebissonii, C. 

 cremdatum, C. ornatutn, C. punctzdattim, Spondylosium secedens, S. injlexum, etc. 



VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY.— Mr. J. Walling Handby, of Austwick, 

 has paid considerable attention to the vertebrates of the neighbourhood, and furn- 

 ishes much valuable information. We are also indebted for notes to Mr. H. 

 Harrison, Mr. H. B. Booth, Mr. J. Beanland, and Mr. R. B. Cragg. 



Mammalia. — The records include the Fox, Otter, Mole, Stoat, Weasel, 

 Hedgehog, Badger, Squirrel, etc., and the Polecat formerly. 



Birds. — The moorland and crag species are to be found, and also some wood- 

 land forms — The Peregrine, Merlin, Raven, Ring Ouzel, an extensive colony of 

 Sand Martins in sand quarries about a mile from Clapham, Golden Plover, Dunlin, 

 Sandpiper, Dipper, Curlew, Nightjar, Heron, Redstart, Grey and Yellow Wagtail, 

 Twite, Grouse, Land Rail, Moorhen, Snipe, Lapwing, Longeared Owl, Shorteared 

 Owl, Tawny Owl, Great, Blue and Longtailed Tits, Whitethroat, Blackcap, 

 Garden Warbler, Willow-wren, Wood-wren, Chiffchaff, Pipits, Spotted Flycatcher, 

 €tc. The Buzzard is now extinct. 



