CiRC. 138 



The chancel floor contains the memorial inscription thus : 'Near this place lies ye 

 body of Mr. Robert Teesdale, of Castle Howard, who died June ye 26th, 1773, aged 

 62 years.' He was head gardener at Castle Howard, and was father of Robert 

 Teesdale, the pioneer of botany, and author, who died in 1804 [See Transactions 

 of Y.N. U., part viii. , p. 199]. The church-yard contains also the remains of 

 another eminent botanist, with this inscription at the head of his grave : 'Richard 

 Spruce, traveller, and author of many botanical works ; born at Ganthorpe, Sept. 

 10, 1817; died at Coneysthorpe, Dec. 28, 1893 '; and near, his respected father, 

 Richard Spruce, schoolmaster, who taught with much success at Bulmer, Gan- 

 thorpe, and Welburn, where he died in 1851. 



ROUTES. — Conveyances will be in readiness at Malton Station, and will start 

 immediately on the arrival of the train from Driffield, due at 9-50 a.m. 



Mr. J. S. Upex will meet the party at Terrington Carr, conduct them across 

 the moor, to the North Carr, and then on to Wiganthorpe, taking the garden, or 

 park, lake, etc, and on to Terrington. The party will also have the benefit of the 

 presence and assistance of Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., Mr. John Wright, and others. 



CONVEYANCES.— To Terrington and back, 2/- each if ordered in ad- 

 vance of Rev. F. Young, Norton, Malton, Hon. Secretary of Malton Naturalists' 

 Society. Without previous order, the fare will be 2/6, and no guarantee of seats. 



GEOLOGY.— The Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S., writes as follows :— 

 In consequence of the multiplicity of faults, the low range of hills, called the 

 Howardian, which separates the Vale of York from the Vale of Pickering, is most 

 puzzling and difficult to decipher. Unaided by the geological survey maps, it 

 would be almost impossible for the amateur to say on what particular horizon of 

 the Lower Oolites he was treading. The case is different with the Middle Oolites. 

 There, the particular characteristics of the various beds so stamp themselves on the 

 natural scenery that it is almost equally impossible to make a mistake. The gener- 

 ally uniform level beds of the Lower Calcareous Grit form the summit of the ridges, 

 followed by a steep, almost precipitous, bank of Oxford clay, resting on hard pro- 

 jecting nabs of Kellaways Sandrock. The general idea of the range in question is, 

 however, considerably simplified by the fact that the beds which lie to the west 

 dip in an easterly direction towards Gilling, and veer round to the north in 

 approaching Malton, the average dip being towards the north-east. Hence, in 

 passing from a little south of Terrington to Slingsby on the north, the beds of the 

 Lower, Middle, and Upper Lias, are first crossed, the Middle Lias forming a dis- 

 tinct terrace on the side of the hill ; then the various estuarine sandstones, divided 

 up by, first, the Millepore or Whitwell Limestone, and secondly, by the Grey or 

 Scarborough Limestone, locally known as Brandsby Roadstone. A little to the 

 east of Wiganthorpe, the Kellaways, Oxford Clay, and Lower Calcareous 

 Grit, are met with, and then for about a mile the Lower Oolites curiously 

 enough reappear. This is due to faulting, the main faults running east and 

 west, whereas you are supposed to be journeying north. After a mile walk 

 rounded knolls of Kellaways Rock reappear, followed by a steep bank of Oxford 

 Clay, and capped by Lower Calcareous Grit. On the summit of this ridge stretches 

 a long ancient entrenchment. The ground now begins to descend, and in about 

 half a mile, you find yourself on the Coralline Oolite beds, which slope down to the 

 village of Slingsby, and its castle, begun but never finished. It may be added that 

 there is a small inlier of Upper Lias, exposed by denudation, a little to the north of 

 Wiganthorpe. The beck which rises near Terrington, flows north to Walh, where 

 it has cut a ravine, and finds its way into the Rye. When, in the Ice Age, the 

 moraine of the great Scandinavian glacier dammed up the end of the Vale of Picker- 

 ing, and prevented the escape of the waters of the Rye and its tributaries, and so 

 formed a great lake, the imprisoned waters would have found their way into the 

 Vale of York by this Wath beck, had not the ridge near Castle Howard Station 

 been a few feet lower, and so determined the course of the river now known as the 

 Derwent. The Howardian range, like the Eastern Moorlands and the Wolds, does 

 not seem to have been ever invaded by a glacier. There is no trace whatever of 

 Boulder Clay or of ice action, though the latter may be somewhat apparent in Wold 

 Dales exposed to the east. 



