l^othsbire IRatuvalists' ITlnion* 



presi5ent : 



GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., Huddersfield. 



Rev. Wm. Fowler, M.A., Liversedge. 



H. Clifton Sorby, LL.D., F.R.S., etc., Sheffield. 



John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S., Kew. 



Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, M.A., F.R.S., Thetford, Norfolk. 



Rev. W. H. Dallinger, LL.D., F.R.S., etc., London. 



Sir Ralph Payne Gallwey, Bart., M.B.O.U., Thirkleby Park. 



Wilfrid H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S., Weybridge. 



Henry Eeles Dresser, F.L.S., F.Z.S., London. 



Charles P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Ilkley. 



R. H. Tiddeman, M.A., F.G.S., H.M. Geol. Survey, iNIumbles, Glam. 



Robert Braithwaite, M.D., F. L.S., F.R.M.S., London. 



Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., etc., Manchester. 



Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B., M.A., M.D., Sec. R.S., Cambridge, 



William West, F.L.S., Bradford. 



Ibon. Secretaries: 



W. DENLSON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 259, Hyde Park Road, Leeds. 

 EDWIN HAWKESWORTH, Goodman Street, Hunslet, Leeds. 



APPENDIX TO CIRCULAR No. 154, 

 Grassing'ton, 8th— 10th Sept., 1900. 



GEOLOGY. — Mr. J. H. Howarth, F.G.S., writes :— The area consists 

 entirely of Lower Carboniferous Rocks divided by the North Craven Fault. There 

 is a marked difference in character and vertical extent between the rocks north and 

 south of the fault. On the north side the village of Grassington rests on the 

 Mountain or Scar Limestone which is well seen in the scars behind Grass Wood 

 extending towards Coniston and Kettlewell. To the Scar Limestone succeed 

 members of the Yoredale series, with the Millstone Grit forming the higher fells 

 and summits. The Craven Fault runs below the village and between this and 

 Skipton the southern type of rocks comes in. These are folded into anticlines and 

 synclines, the limestones forming the anticlines and the shales the synclines. The 

 Millstone Grits seen are in the synclines. The road on leaving Skipton runs over 

 an anticline of Clitheroe Limestone which extends from Clitheroe to eastwards of 

 Bolton Abbey. It is well seen from about the Craven Heifer Inn in Hawbank 

 Quarry a mile away on the right. After crossing the anticline the road runs on to 

 shales. Away over on the right are the Barden Moors, with two large reservoirs 

 belonging the Bradford Corporation. These are on the Millstone Grit and the 

 hard beds form a fine escarpment on the sky line along Embsay, Rylstone and 

 Cracoe Fells. On the left are the Grits of Sharpa, 'a mountain chain in miniature.' 

 At Cracoe the Pendleside Limestone comes in. From this point towards the 

 Fault the Pendleside Limestone swells into a series of conical or rounded 

 hills which form a very remarkable and interesting feature in the landscape. 

 These are the reef-knolls of Mr. Tiddeman. Similar knolls appear about Clitheroe, 

 in Bowland, at Malham and several other places in the district, but nowhere are 

 they better seen than here. These knolls stand upon Clitheroe or Pendleside 

 Limestone (here the latter) but they vary considerably from the limestones beneath 

 them. They are light in colour and may fairly be termed white limestones, whereas 

 the limestones associated with them are dark coloured. They are very fossiliferous, 



