250 MR. R. SHELFORD OX MIMETIC INSECTS AND [Nov. 4, 



In tlie Cerambycidpe, the antennse present great diversity of 

 form — flabellate in Cyriopalus, thickened in EjApedocera and 

 Ephies, short in Demonax, Clytus, and many other genera, 

 enormously elongate in Neoceramhyx ceneas ; and we find, perhaps 

 as a consequence of this plasticity of the antennal foi-m, a close 

 resemblance in structure and external appearance between the 

 antennae of the mimetic Cerambycidte and their models {e.g., 

 compare antennse of Notliopeus intermedius and Ephies dilcUi- 

 coriiis (Pasc.) with the antennae of Scdius aurosericeits and the 

 Lycid Met7-iorrhy7ichus kirschi (0. Waterh.) respectively) : whereas 

 in the family Lamiidte, nearly all the members of which are 

 characterized by setaceous or linear antennae, the simulation of 

 the differently constructed antennae of their models, if attained 

 at all, is not brought about by actual resemblances in form, but 

 by such devices as pilosities, modes of holding, or the thinning 

 away of a portion of the length until it becomes almost invisible 

 in comparison with a specially thickened portion (compare the 

 antennae of Alibora, JEgoprepis, &c., and of Xyaste invida with 

 those of their respective models). 



Notes on Tab£,e III. — Longicorns mwiicking Longicorns. 



The only two subfamilies of the Longicornia which serve as 

 models to the other subfamilies are the Ccdlichromince, a group of 

 metallic-green beetles protected by a powerful odour, which is 

 produced by glands behind the metasternum opening to the 

 exterior by two pores, and the Clytince. This latter subfamily 

 includes the well-known Clytus arietis (L.), mentioned in many 

 works on natural histoiy as mimetic of a wasp. "Wliether this 

 is a case of Miillerian or of Batesian mimicry can only be 

 proved by experiment, but I am quite confident that the Bornean 

 I'epresentatives of the gi-oup are all highly distasteful. The 

 extremely conspicuous and strikingly coloured Chlorophortts 

 {Clytanthus) annularis (Plate XX. fig. 31) was the commonest 

 beetle on Mt. Penrissen at all elevations : some shrubs simply 

 swarmed with it, while its movements and its very presence in 

 such numbers spoke eloquently of some protective characteristic. 

 Species of the genus Demonax were almost equally common on 

 the mountain, whilst around Kuching the species Clytantlnis 

 su'matre7isis (Plate XX. fig. 37) and Eemonax viverra (Plate XX, 

 fig. 35) are amongst the commonest Longicorns met with. Such 

 few experiments as I have conducted have yielded negative 

 results. During my collecting expedition to Mt. Penrissen I 

 naturally had no tame animals with me, and therefore was unable 

 to experiment with Chlorophorus annularis., whilst in Kuching 

 the species of Demonax and Clytanthus, though common enough, 

 are never obtainable in large enough quantities at one time, a very 

 necessary consideration when one experiments with that most in- 

 quisitive of animals, the common ]\Iacaqvie [Jlacacics cynomolgus), 



