1902.] SPIDERS FROM BORNEO AXD SIXGAPORE. 259 



resemblance is possibly synaposematic. There are, at any rate, some 

 good grounds for supposing that H. misippus (L.) is a Mullerian 

 mimic of Limnas chrysiiypus (L.). (See Poulton : " Mimicry in 

 Butterflies of the Genus Hypolimnas" Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci, 

 1897, vol. xlvi. p. 242.) 



Elymnias nigrescens (Butl.) and allied species are in India and 

 elsewhere mimics of Eajjloaince ; no Euplmince serving as models 

 to E. nigrescens occur in Borneo, though the species is common 

 enough. The subfamily ElymniincB is an interesting one, as 

 affording examples of species endowed with a double means of 

 protection against the attacks of their enemies. The majority of 

 the Bornean species are on the upper side good mimics of Euplceine 

 or Pierine models, whilst on the under side they are mottled with 

 grey and brown, so that when at rest they are indistinguishable 

 from their surroundings. 



Elymnias lais (Or.) occurred on Mt. Penrissen, and I had 

 ample opportunities of observing something of its habits. The 

 male is black above with green streaks, a common type of colora- 

 tion amongst the DanaincE (e. g., Radena vulgaris (Butl.), Cacluga 

 larissa (Feld.), Parantica eryx (Fab.), &c., (fee), whilst the vmder 

 side is mottled. ■ The female is a mimic of Trejysichrois omdciber 

 (Or.) 2 ? b^^t I have never seen this sex alive. The green-and- 

 black Danaines Cadaga larissa (Feld.) and Parantica croioleyi 

 (Jenner Weir) were abundant on Mt. Penrissen, so much so, 

 indeed, that after two days' collecting they were left in peace. 

 Their flight was leisurely and flaunting, so that they were always 

 readily distinguishable. Their mimic, the Elymnias, flew more 

 rapidly, but even then attracted one's attention as being remark- 

 ably similar to its models. By the time one had realized the true 

 nature of the insect, it had flown past and a critical moment was 

 gone. If the butterfly was followed up, it would be seen to settle 

 on some twig or stalk with the wings closed, but on coming up to 

 close quarters one might search for it in vain ; any sudden move- 

 ment would cause it to dart away, displaying once again its 

 Danaine coloration, to some other resting-place, and so the hunt 

 would be continued ad naitseam. 



Elymnias godferyi (Dist.) mimics Delias aglaia (Linn.), and 

 has on the under side some appropriate yellow and red markings, 

 which are, however, somewhat obscured by mottlings of brown. 

 We have here, in fact, a species which is beginning to discard a 

 uniform mottled under side in favour of brighter mimetic coloi'a- 

 tion, such as is seen in some species from New Guinea and the 

 neighbouring islands, which mimic very closely on both surfaces 

 of the wings Euploeineand Pierine butterflies, and have discarded 

 entirely a protective coloration. 



Elymnias aroa, sp. n., is described in Appendix I. to this 

 paper : only two specimens were captured. It is a fairly good 

 mimic of Tronga crameri (Lucas), which occurred with it. 



The common day-flying moths the Agaristid Scrohigera lies- 

 perioldes (Wik.) and the Chalcosid Eterusia oUiqniaria (Wlk.) are 



17* 



