304 LT.-COL. J. M. FAWCETT ON [Nov. 4, 



3. On the Transformations of Papilio dardanus Brown and 

 Pldlampelus megcera ; and on two new Species o£ 

 South- African Heterocera. Bj Lt.-Col. J. Malcolm 

 Fawcett. 



[Received August 8, 1902.] 



(Plate XXVI.^) 



1. Papilio dardanus. (Plate XXVI. figs. 6, 7, larva; 8, 9, 

 10, pupa ; 11, head of larva ; 12, 13, female forms of imago bred.) 



Papilio dardanus Brown, 111. Zool. p. 52, t. 22 (1776). 



(^ =merope Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. p. 87, pi. cli. figs. A, B 



(1777). 

 § = cenea Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, p. 134, pi. xxix, figs 1,1a 



(1791). 

 5 =a variety of hipjjocooji Fabricius, Eiit. Syst. iii. 1, p. 38 

 (1793). 



Description. — Larva, early stage. Head greyish green, body 

 dark chocolate- brown dorsally, abdomen, legs and claspers greyish 

 green ; broad white lateral stripes above the spiracles, meeting 

 across the back on the 2nd, 5th and 6th, and 10th somites. 

 On 1st somite a pair of long filamentous horns or tentacles 

 minutely serrated with very short bristles, a pair of very short 

 horns on 11th somite, and on the 12th somite a pair of similar 

 horns to those on 1st somite but shorter, all greyish green 

 in colour. The larva presents, in this stage, a great resemblance 

 to the droppings of a small bird. 



Final stage. Head green, body pale bluish green dorsally, 

 abdomen, legs and claspers greyish white. On first somite a pair 

 of short yellow tubercles from between which the Y-like organ 

 (which is crimson paling to grey at the tips) is protruded when 

 the larva is alarmed. On anal somite a pair of paler yellow 

 tubercles ; on 3rd somite a pair of black " eye-spots" surrounded 

 by a white iris, subdorsally ; a dorsal series of pale blue spots 

 on 3rd to 6th somites, one on each somite. A yellowish-white 

 subspiracular line from 4th somite to the tubercles at the anal 

 extremity ; spiracles reddish. 



The larva in this stage is very limaciform, the divisions of the 

 somites being very indistinct, and the body being very smooth and 

 velvety. 



Feeds on Toddalia lanceolata Lamarck, nat. ord. Rutacese. The 

 larva feeds very low down on the plant, almost on the ground. 

 It is always on the old leaves, and is very difficult to find. 



Pupa. Pale yellowish green dorsally, darker green along the 

 abdomen and wing-cases, and being almost flat and much ex- 

 panded laterally, it looks exactly like one of the leaves of the food- 

 plant. The palpi-covers, instead of being divergent as in other 

 species of Papilio, converge to form a point, thus simulating the 

 1 For explanation of the Plate, see p. 307. 



