August 4, 1893.] 



SCIENCE. 



63 



eastern portion of the State from tbe same host plants, although 

 the hosts themselves are very abundant in some cases. Grindelia 

 squarrosa, Dund., ranges over the entire State in abundance, but 

 Puccinia grindelice, Pk., has never, to my knowledge, been found 

 east of Russell and Rooks Counties. Another singular fact is that 

 I never found it on the variety grandiflora, Or., which grows so 

 abundantly in weslern Kansas. Uredo gaurina, Pk., and its 

 Aecidium, too. are found in the western counties only, although 

 three species of Gaura are native in eastern Kansas. Lygodesmia 

 juncea, though not widely diffused in the eastern portion of the 

 State, is still rather abundant in spots about Manhattan, but 

 without any fungus; wliile over the western counties, not only is 

 the plant itself very common, but it supports, in gi'eat abundance, 

 a rust which has been named Puccinia variolans, Hark., var. 

 caulicola, Ell. and Ev. 1 have noticed for several years that 

 Puccinia phragmitis (Sclium.), Korn., is never found on Phrag- 

 mites communis in eastern Kansas (although abundant on Spartina 

 cynosuroides) , but is common on this host wherever found in the 

 western counties, so Uropyxis amorphce (Curt.), Schroet , abun- 

 dant on both Amorpha canescens and A. fruticosa in the west, is 

 found only on the former host in this region. What seems to be 

 the Puccinia grindelice, Pk., above mentioned, is also found on 

 Aplopappus rubiginosus in abundance in the west but this host 

 does not grow in this region. In these cases may there not be 

 anatomical differences in the hosts (of the same species, even) 

 which cause this peculiar distribution of their parasites. At 

 least, the question is worthy of close investigation. It is another 

 indication, to me, that }}\a.nt patJiology cannot be well understood 

 without a knowledge of plant physiology. I have already shown 

 in another article ' how the host-plants themselves vary in passing 

 from the more fertile to the more barren districts of the great 

 plains. The distribution of their parasites may be greatly in- 

 fluenced by these variations. 



INMEMORIAM. — THE REV. W. C. LUKIS, M.A., F.S.A. 



BT W. GREGSON, F.G.S., BALnEESET, S. -0., YORKSHIRE, ENG. 



The death of the Rev, William Ceilings Lukis removes a familiar 

 figure from the ranks of British scientists, and one who will long 

 be remembered with feelings of deepest respect and esteem, not only 

 in Great Britain, where he lived and worked so long, but through- 

 out the whole of the scientific world. His tall, erect, manly form, 

 and genial countenance, were well known throughout Yorkshire, 

 and he was certainly one whose friendship it was a pleasure and 

 a delight to claim. 



Mr. Lukis was not only an archaeologist of world-wide eminence 

 but was also a considerable authority on geology, botany and 

 other branches of natural science. He had long been an obser- 

 vant traveller in various parts of Europe, Africa, America, etc. 

 More especially in the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Italy, and 

 Algeria; and his writings and researches show that accurate and 

 intimate knowledge of those countries which he acquired from 

 careful person-il investigations. The deceased gentleman was 

 also an artist of considerable power and merit, as many of his 

 works, illustrated by his own hand, sufficiently testify. He was 

 born on April 8th, 1817, in the Island of Guernsey (English 

 Channel), and was the third son of Colonel Frederick Corben 

 Lukis, by Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr. John CoUings of 

 Guernsey. From his father, who was also an archaeologist of 

 distinction, Mr. Lukis inherited a taste for natural science, which 

 he pursued at the University of Cambridge, under Professors 

 Henslow and Sedgwick, and the writer has frequently heard him 

 dilate on the benefits he derived from his connection with such 

 far-famed scientists. He received his early education in Guern- 

 sey, afterwards in France, and at Blackheath, near London, 

 under the mastership of the Rev. Sanderson Tennant, whilst in 

 January, 1840, he graduated in honors at Trinity College, Cam- 

 bridge. Twelve months later he was ordained at Salisbury, by 

 Bishop Denison, and licensed to the curacy of Bradford-on-Avon 

 (of which parish the late famous Harvey, formerly private tutor to 

 Prince George, now Duke of Cambridge, was then vicar). In 



1 " Contrlb. TJ. S. Nat. Herb.," vol. xxi., No. 6, pp, 220-232. 



1845, he was appointed chaplain to the Marquis of Ailesbury, who 

 successively presented to him the livings of Great Bedwyn, and 

 Collingbowne Ducis in Wiltshire, and Wath, near Ripon, in York- 

 shire; which latter he held for thirty-one years up till the time of 

 his death. Whilst residing at Cambridge he was one of the 

 eai'liest members of and contributors to the Camden Society, then 

 newly formed, and when living at Bradford-on-Avon, he pub- 

 lished a quarto volume on "Ancient Church Plate," also other 

 works on " Church Bells," " Church Towers," etc. 



In 1847 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of North- 

 ern Antiquaries, Copenhagen; in 1853, a Fellow of the Society of 

 Antiquaries, of London ; and in 1867, a member of the Socifite 

 Archeologique de Nantes, whilst in 1873, he was elected a corres- 

 ponding member of the Societe de Climatologie Algerienne. Mr. 

 Lukis was the author of many works on barrows, and other pre- 

 historic monuments, and was a practical barrow digger on an ex- 

 tensive scale, in various parts of England, France, Denmark, the 

 Netherlands, and elsewhere. The Society of Antiquaries, London, 

 published his scale plans of Rude Stone Monuments, with descrip- 

 tive text. He also edited, for the Surtees Society, Dr. William 

 Stukeley's Diaries and Letters, published in three volumes; and 

 when the Ripon Millenary Festival was celebrated, in 1886, he 

 vvas an active member of the committee, which was formed to 

 carry out the arrangements, and wrote an interesting and valua- 

 ble article entitled " Ancient Ripon," since included in Mr. W. 

 Harrison's '• Millenary Record" (a beautifully illustrated volume 

 published at Ripori, in 1892). 



Mr. Lukis, who was a prominent Free Mason, and a J.P. for 

 Wiltshire, married Lucy Adelaide, daughter of Admiral Sir 

 Thomas Fellowes, who survives her husband, and by whom he 

 leaves two sons and four daughters; the eldest daughter being the 

 wife of a son of the late Canon Hawkins, J.P., of Topcliffe, Yorks 

 (a relative of Mr. Justice Hawkins), and the second da^ighterbeing 

 the wife of Mr. H. C. Biokersteth (son of the late Bishop of 

 Ripon, nephew of the Bishop of Exeter, and cousin of the Bishop 

 of Japan). 



A committee has recently been formed, under the chairmanship 

 of Sir Reginald Graham, Bart., of Norton-Cony ers, near Ripon 

 (which is close to Wath, and where the talented authoress of 

 " Jane Eyre" at one time resided), for the purpose of placing in 

 Wath Parish church a strained-glass window, as a lasting 

 memorial of the late much esteemed rector, who was so ripe a 

 scholar, so kind a friend, and of whom it may be truly re- 

 corded : — 



He seemed the thing he was, and joined 

 Each office of the social hour 

 To noble manners, as the flower 

 And native growth of noble mind. 



OBSERVATIONS ON DUCKLINGS. 



BY C. LLOYD MORGAN, BRISTOL,' ENGLAND. 



Of seven eggs transferred from a hen to my incubator only two 

 hatched out. Of the others four had not been fertilized and the 

 fifth contained a dead bird in about its tenth day of incubation. 

 Several hours before the ducklings chipped the shell they were 

 piping to be free. One (A) was hatched four hours before the 

 other (B). They were left in the drawer of the incubator for 

 about 20 to 24 hours, and were then transferred to an experi- 

 mental poultry yard in my study. Somewhat unsteady upon 

 their legs, they kept tilting backwards on to their tails; hut A 

 was decidedly the stronger of the two and his motor coordina- 

 tion was better. They pecked with uncertain aim at anything 

 which caught their eyes, such as marks on the basket in which 

 they were to sleep, grain, sand. Chopped-up white of egg was 

 placed before them and moved about with a long pin to draw 

 their attention to it. The coordination for pecking was far from 

 perfect. When a piece was seized after several shots it was 

 mumbled rapidly and then shaken out of the bill unswallowed. 

 A shallow tin of water was placed before them. They took no 

 heed of it. As they tottered about they walked through it sev- 

 eral times, but no notice was taken. I dipped A's beak into the 

 water. He drank with characteristic action; he then pecked at 



