264 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XXII. No. 562 



abandoned; yet the author, while fairly stating other 

 views, decidedly leans toward his own — a position which 

 would be perfectly jDroper in a memoir, but which is out 

 of place in a student's text-book. It is the occasional 

 outcrop of personal bias in the retention or defence of 

 opinions with which the author's name has been asso- 

 ciated, either as an originator or a supporter, which con- 

 stitutes the most serious, in fact, the only serious, defect 

 in this work. Other defects are of minor importance, or 

 unavoidably spring from the immensely wide field cov- 

 ered. The writer of a text-book should ruthlessly sacri- 

 fice his most cherished theories if they do not accord with 

 the latest research. 



The next section is devoted to the three germ layers of 

 the developing ovum, leading us to the embryo in the third 

 section and the festal membranes in the fourth. Through 

 all these pages the author sustains his plan of maintain- 

 ing a critical attitude, and, as far as possible, verifying his 

 statements by his own observation. Each mammalian 

 structure is introduced by a brief and clear statement of 

 its mode of appearance in the fishes, amphibians and 

 reptiles, rendering these chapters as valuable to the gen- 

 eral as to the special student. Duval, in his recent mono- 

 graph on the placenta of the Eodentia, speaks in high 

 terms of Professor Minot's work upon the placenta, but 

 differs with him in regard to the so-called ecto-placenta, 

 holding that he has mistaken the ecto-placental columns 

 and tubes for the uterine glands. 



The latter half of the work is given to the general 

 development of the fcetus and the organology or special 

 develojjment of each of the systems and organs of the 

 body. Here, again, the accuracy and breadth of treat- 

 ment. The pages simply bristle with information upon 

 every subject treated, giving a thoroughly encyclopffidic 

 character. The chapter upon the development of the 

 brain alone is the most complete which has yet appeared, 

 and is thoroughly up to date. One minor protest must 

 be entered here, that is against the use of the Anglicized 

 German term "aulages" for the beginnings of structures. 

 As pointed out by Hurst, Parker and others, we have al- 

 ready an excellent term in the English "rudiment." A 



"rudimental structure'' is, properly speaking, an incipient 

 structure, although often improperly used to designate a 

 disappearing or "vestigial" structure. 



The bibliography is very complete. The author shows 

 the utmost readiness to give full acknowledgment to his 

 authorities, and appreciates the importance of acquainting 

 the student with the literature at every step. We know 

 of no other work so full of references. Yet there is a 

 matter which certainly should be remedied in a future 

 edition of the work — the titles are referred to by volume 

 numbers and pages, and not by date; this omission renders 

 it very difificult to keep in mind the historic development 

 of the subject. It is safe to saj' that four out of five per- 

 sons in this country who will use this book will not be 

 able to consult periodical files for the date. 



In conclusion, we would repeat our high opinions of 

 this work. It is certain to find its way into every medical 

 and biological laboratory in the country, carrying with it 

 the author's spirit of thoroughness in investigation and 

 breadth of view in treatment, and cannot fail to exert a wide- 

 spread influence upon American embryological research. 



NOTES AND NEWS. 

 The Congress of Evolutionists held the last week in 

 September, in Memorial Art Palace Chicago, was a decided 

 success and in every way a most satisfactory series of 

 meetings. The Congress extended through three days — 

 three sessions each day. The hall assigned to this Con- 

 gress was well filled during all the sessions and crowded 

 during some of them. After the opening address by B. 

 E. Underwood, the Chairman, in which was sketched the 

 progress of evolutionary thought, a paper on "Social Evo- 

 luiion and Social Duty," contributed by Herbert Spencar, 

 was read, after which Edward P. Powell gave an address 

 on "Constructive Evolution." During the Congress ques- 

 tions in "Biology " were treated by Dr. M. L. Holbrook, 

 Dr. Edmund Montgomery and Kev. John C. Kimball. 

 Edwin Hayden, Dr. Dureu J. H. Ward, Mrs. Sara A. Un- 

 derwood, Prof. T. J. Burrill, and Miss Mary Proctor 

 (daughter of the great astronomer) paid tributes to "The 

 Heroes of Evolution." Psychology as related to Evolu- 



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