November lo, 1893.] 



SCIENCE. 



265 



tion was the subject of addresses by B. F. Underwood, 

 Dr. Herman Gasser, Dr. John E. Purdon and Harvey C. 

 Alford. Sociology was considered by Rev. A. N. Somers, 

 Bayard Holmes, M. D., Mrs. Florence Griswold Buckstaff 

 and Miss Mary A. Dodge ("Gail Hamilton"). "Eeligion as 

 Affected by Evolution" was the subject of papers and ad- 

 dresses by Dr. Charles T. Stock.\ell. Eabbi Emil G. 

 Hirsch, Rev. Howard MacQueary, E. P. Powell and others. 

 Rev. M. J. Savage, Dr. Lewis G. Janes, C. Staniland 

 Wake, Revs. Jenckin L. Jones and H. M. Simmons pre- 

 sented papers on "The Morals of Evolution." "Econo- 

 mics as Related to Evolution" was considered by James 

 A. Skilton and others. An interesting feature was a sym- 

 posium on this subject in the form of brief, papers from 

 Mr. John Fiske, Dr. Edmund Montgomery, Dr. R. W. 

 Shufeldt, Benj. B. Kingsbury, F. M. Holland and others. 

 There was not a note of discord during the entire Con- 

 gress. A committee was appointed at a special meeting 

 held last Sunday evening to arrange for another Evolu- 

 tion Congress in 1894. 



— Those who are familiar with the volumes of Apple- 

 ton's "International Education Series" will remember 

 among them two on "The Mind of the Child," by W. 

 Preyer, professor of physiology in the University of Jena; 

 and the same author has now issued a smaller book on the 

 same subject entitled "Mental Development in the Child," 

 which has been translated into English by H. W. Brown, 

 and published in the same series. The work is designed 

 especially as an aid to mothers in training their young 

 children; but we confess that we cannot see what mothers 

 are to gain from it. It contains, to be sure, many sensi- 

 ble observations; but they are mostly commonplace, while 

 on the other hand the book is full of doubtful physiolog- 

 ical speculations expressed in technical language. Take, 

 for instance, the following remarks about self-conscious- 

 ness: "There are several grades of consciousness, lower 



and higher, which have different seats — in the higher ani- 

 mals, particularly in the spinal marrow, cervical marrow, 

 and brain. The highest grade, self- consciousness, so- 

 called, which does not necessarily imply a strong self- 

 esteem, has its seat in the gray substance of the cerebral 

 cortex. It is therefore properly called the cortical ego." 

 (p. 155). There is much more in the book of a similar sort; 

 yet the reader must not think that there is nothing bet- 

 ter. Professor Preyer has evidently been a close observer 

 of very young children, and is familiar with their wants 

 and ways; and he gives a fairly intelligible outline of 

 their mental growth during the first three years of their 

 lives. His remarks on the acquisition of language and 

 on the manifestations of thought and reasoning before 

 language is acquired are perhaps the best things in the 

 book and are well worthy of attention from students of 

 psychology. But the book cannot be accepted as a satis- 

 factory treatise on the subject with which it deals. 



— W. F. Yocum, A. M., D. D., accepted the position of 

 Vice President and Professor of Philosophy and Political 

 Economy in Florida Agricultural College, Oct. 

 1, 1893. 



— Miss Mary Proctor, daughter of the late Richard A. 

 Proctor, is delivering courses of lectures on astronomy to 

 children, under the management of Major J. B. Pond, 

 Everett House, New York. 



• — The Eleventh Congress of the American Ornitholo- 

 gists' Union will convene in Cambridge, Mass., on Tues- 

 day, November 21, 1893, at eleven o'clock a. m. The 

 meetings will be held in the Nash Lecture-room, Uni- 

 versity Museum, Oxford street. The reading of papers 

 will form a prominent feature of the meetings. Associate 

 as well as Active members are earnestly requested to con- 

 tribute. Titles of communications and applications for 

 membership should be sent to the Secretary, Mr. John H. 

 Sage, Portland, Connecticut. 



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\X/ANTED.— Icones Muscorum by W. D. Sulli- 

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