362 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XXII. No. 569 



the family and usually the genera of any of our northern 

 birds." 



As it attempts to trace them all to the species, I think 

 the notice should say so, and, if it is a failure in that at- 

 tempt, say that also, and not lead readers to think I 

 would write a book to enable a hunter to find out merely 

 that the bird he shot is a snipe rather than a duck. 



Austin C. Apgab. 



Trenton, N. J., Dec. 27, 1SQ3. 



BOOK-REVIEWS. 



The Science of Education, Its General Principles Deduced 

 from Its Aim, and The Aesthetic Revelation of the World. 

 By JoHANN Fkiedrich Hebart. Translated from the 

 German with a BiograjDhical Introduction by Henry M. 

 and Emmie Felkin and a Preface by Oscar Browning, 

 M, A. Boston, D. C Heath & Co. 268 p., 1893. 

 Probably no feature of our intellectual culture and of 

 our advancement in higher education is so significant as 

 the growing library of pedagogics in this country. For 

 a number of years this department of thought has been 

 sadly neglected with us, while abroad it has long received 

 due attention as a most important factor in philosophic 

 progress. Particularly with the German thinkers has 

 this subject proved most fruitful, but, unfortunately, the 

 peculiar difficulties of philosophical German have limited 

 the English-speaking readers of these works to a favored 

 few who, maybe, from residence abroad have acquired 

 that thorough knowledge of the language necessary. Mr. 

 and Mrs. Felkin have certainly then earned the apjalause 

 of all teachers and thinkers by their careful and conscien- 

 tious translation of these most valuable works of Hebart. 

 Hebart himself is known by little more than name in this 

 country, though some may recall him as a former ^vo- 

 fessor at Gottingen, whose works on psychology and edu- 

 cation are of great value; and yet as a metaphysician, 

 psychologist, philosopher and teacher few men are de- 

 serving of so much careful study. 



In the introduction to the present work we have a 



charming biographical sketch of the author, revealing in 

 its carefully selected details glimpses of the inner man 

 and offering a series of pen pictures of great value and 

 assistance to the proper appreciation of the discussion 

 which follows. Through his childhood, at Jena, at Bre- 

 men, at Gottingen, at Konigsberg, we follow the author 

 in his development, if development it can be called, when 

 from their incepition his theories seem to be those 

 of mature growth and profound contemplation. Fol- 

 lowing this entertaining sketch the translators have 

 given a review of Hebart's philosophy, together with 

 a synopsis of the two works which follow and form 

 the principal portion of the book. The review has evi- 

 dently been written from a thorough acquaintance with 

 Hebart's writings and is an additional aid to our under- 

 standing of his principles. "The whole aim of education, 

 according to Hebart, is contained in the one word, moral- 

 ity. Its whole work is to form a character which in the 

 battle of life shall stand unmoved, not through the 

 strength of its intermal action, but on the firm and en- 

 during foundation of its moral insight and enlightened 

 will." 'Proceeding from morality as the highest aim of 

 humanity, and consequently of education, the essence of 

 formation of character is defined as 'a making' which the 

 pupil himself discovers when choosing the good and re- 

 jecting the bad. This rise in self-conscious personality 

 must take place in the mind of the pupil himself, and be 

 perfected by his own exertion. To place the power already 

 existent, and in its nature trustworthy, in the midst of 

 such conditions that it must infallibly effect this rise, is 

 what the teacher must conceive as possible — while he 

 must consider the great work of all his efforts is to reach, 

 understand and guide that power." 

 Industrie des Cuirs et des Peaux, Analyse des Malieres 



Premieres, des Agents Auxiliaries et des Products. Par 



Ferdinand Jean. Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Fils. 195 p., 



1893. 

 Fabrication des Vernis, Application a I'Industrie et aux 



Arts. Par Laurent Naudin. Paris, Gauthier-Villars et 



Fils. 200 p., 1893. 



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