598 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. VIII., No. 203 



or a realschule, are entitled to a one-year volunteer 

 certificate. In the case of the higher-burgher 

 schools, and such others, excepting the above 

 named, as have tlie right to grant the certificate, 

 its acquisition is made to depend on the final ex- 

 amination at the completion of the course. 



The following table will show the various 

 studies pursued in the several kinds of higher 

 schools, and the proportion of time allotted to 

 each. The figures represent the number of hours 

 per week — taking all the classes together — given 

 to the subjects named : — 



as to positions in civil life are possessed by them, 

 but these privileges are by no means the same for 

 all. 



The final examination certificate (reifezeugniss) 

 entitles the holder to the following privileges : — 



I. That of a gymnasium, 1'', to enter any uni- 

 versity, and to compete in any examination for 

 positions in the higher divisions of the civil 

 service ; 2°, to enter the technical high schools for 

 engineering at Berlin, Hanover, and Aix-la-Cha- 

 pelle, and to admission to the government exami- 

 nations for engineering in ajl its branches ; 3°, to 



Singing and gymnastics are taught in all these 

 schools after the regular school-hours, which are 

 from eight to twelve, and from two to four o'clock, 

 and Hebrew is similarly taught at the gymnasien 

 to future students of theology. 



It will be observed that the real-gymnasium 

 differs from the gymnasium in teaching no Greek, 

 in adding English to the course, and in reducing 

 the time given to Latin. The time thus taken 

 from the classics is given to French, German, 

 mathematics, physics, chemistry, and drawing. 

 The ober-realschule omits Latin and Greek entirely, 

 greatly increases the instruction in French, and 

 adds to the courses in English, drawing and the 

 sciences. The higher-burgher schools have only 

 a six-year course instead of a nine-year, and the 

 studies occupy the times shown in the table. Some 

 of these secondary schools have vorschulen at- 

 tached to them. Into the secondary schools, 

 children do not enter before the completion of the 

 ninth year ; and they are required to possess an 

 ability to read easily Latin and German text, a 

 knowledge of the parts of speech, a legible hand- 

 writing, ability to write a dictation exercise with- 

 out too many mistakes in spelling, an accuracy in 

 using the four fundamental rules of arithmetic, 

 and a general acquaintance with the historical 

 events narrated in the Old and New Testaments. 



Besides the berechtigung for one-year volunteers, 

 which all these high schools possess under the 

 conditions named above, certain other privileges 



enter the academies of mines at Berlin and Claus- 

 thal and the affiliated technical high school at Aix- 

 la-Chapelle, and to admission to the examinations 

 for the first-class certificates in the departments 

 of mining and smelting : 4°, to enter the academies 

 of woods and forests at Eberswalde and Munich, 

 and to admission to the higher examinations in 

 this department ; 5°, to admission to the first-class 

 posts in the post-office, from postmaster-general 

 downward. 



II. That of a real-gymnasium, 1°, to attend 

 lectures at a university with a view to matriculat- 

 ing in the philosophical faculty for the purpose of 

 pursuing the study of mathematics, the natural 

 sciences, or modern languages ; 2°, to admission 

 to the examinations mentioned under I., 2°, 3'^, 

 4°, 5°. 



III. Tiiat of an ober-realschule, 1°, to admission 

 to the examinations mentioned under I., 2" ; 2°, 

 to admission to the same studies and examina- 

 tions to which the certificate of a real-gymnasium 

 entitles, on condition of passing a special ex- 

 amination in Latin. 



IV. That of a real-pro-gymnasium, chiefly to 

 unconditional admission to the highest class 

 {prima) of a real-gymnasium. 



V. That of a realschule, 1", to nomination for 

 civil-service posts in provincial administration and 

 in the railways ; 2*^, to nomination to clerkships 

 in the department of mines and smelting ; 3°, to 

 nomination as a land-surveyor ; 4", to admission 



