Vor. IIT] SMITH—MIOCENE FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA 165 
into Quaternary; and 20 persist into the Recent fauna. The 
percentage of Recent species in the lower Miocene fauna taken 
as a whole is 11 per cent. 
The Vaqueros fauna consists of 56 species, of which 10 are 
confined to the Vaqueros, or to this and the San Lorenzo Oli- 
gocene faunas; 25 range into the Monterey-Temblor faunas; 
10 range into upper Miocene; 3 into Pliocene; 1 into Quater- 
nary; and 6 range into the Recent fauna, giving 10 per cent 
of living species. 
The Monterey-Temblor faunas contain a total of about 154 
species, of which 25 range up from Vaqueros; about 70 are 
confined to Monterey-Temblor ; 26 range into upper Miocene; 
11 into Pliocene; 1 ranges into Quaternary; and 20 persist 
“into the Recent fauna, giving 13 per cent of Recent species. 
The following characteristic species are confined to the 
Vaqueros fauna: 
Modiolus inezanus Arnold Turritella inezana var. sespeensis 
Pecten magnolia Conrad Arnold 
Pecten vanvlecki Arnold Purpura vaquerosensis Arnold 
Pecten vaughani Arnold Natica inezana Conrad 
Turritella inezana Conrad Scutella fairbanksi Arnold 
Terebratalia kennedyi Arnold 
This lowest horizon of the Miocene has been called by Mer- 
riam’ the zone of Turritella hoffmanni (—Turritella inezana) ; 
it may eventually be found to be the inshore equivalent of the 
deep-water San Lorenzo Oligocene, with which it has a few 
species in common. Of this fauna only six species are known 
to have persisted to the present, namely, Terebratalia occident- 
alis, Balanus concavus, Hinnites giganteus, Macoma nasuta, 
Phacoides richthofeni, and Psammobia edentula; and of these 
Macoma nasuta appeared in the San Lorenzo Oligocene. _ 
The following characteristic species are confined to the 
Vaqueros and Monterey-Temblor faunas: as 
Arca montereyana Osmont Pecten nevadanus Conrad Ai 
Cardium vaquerosense Arnold Pecten peckhami Gabb 4 
Chione conradiana Anderson Pecten perrini Arnold 
Chione mathewsoni Gabb Pecten sanctaecruzensis Arnold 
Dosinia conradi Gabb Pecten sespeensis Arnold 
Dosinia mathewsoni Gabb Agasoma barkerianum Cooper 
Glycimeris branneri Arnold ‘Agasoma gravidum Gabb 
Pecten branneri Arnold Cuma biplicata Gabb 
Pecten lompocensis Arnold Trochita costellata Gabb 
Pecten miguelensis Arnold 
* Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif., vol. 3 (1904), p. 380. 
