Vor. IIT] GRINNELL—MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA 367 
Type locality—Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon or 
Washington. 
Synonym—?Cervus lewisii Peale, U. S. Exploring Exped., 
8, 1848, “p. 39, pl. 9” (type from Feather River, Upper Cali- 
fornia). 
Range—Northwest coast region chiefly in the Transition 
and Boreal zones; east throughout the inner coast ranges to 
the Sacramento Valley, and at the north to and including 
Mount Shasta and near vicinity; south to the north side of 
San Francisco Bay. 
Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus Merriam 
Southern Black-tailed Deer 
Original description—Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus 
Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, April 30, 1898, p. 101. 
Type locality—Laguna Ranch, Gabilan Range, San Benito 
County, California. 
Synonyms—Odocoileus columbianus, part; Columbian 
Black-tailed Deer, part. 
Range—Transition and high Upper Sonoran zones south 
from San Francisco Bay through the Santa Cruz district at 
least into Monterey and San Benito counties. In spite of 
expressed doubts as to the existence of two recognizable forms 
of the black-tailed deer within the state, material accumulated 
in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences affords 
basis for the belief that two races do exist (columbianus and 
scaphiotus), with ranges as here defined (Rowley, MS). 
Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque) 
Rocky Mountain Mule Deer 
Original description—Cervus hemionus Rafinesque, Amer. 
Monthly Mag., 1, October, 1817, p. 436. 
Type locality—Sioux River, South Dakota. 
Range—Eastern California, including main Sierra Nevada 
south into Kern County and north to vicinity of Mount Lassen, 
thence northeast through the Modoc region. Western limit 
at extreme north, Mount Shasta (Rowley, MS). Not in the 
desert ranges east of Owens Valley except in winter. Occurs 
in summer on the high Sierras up to timberline; in winter 
most numerous in the foothills. 
