CHARACTERS OF THE PARADOXTJRIX^. 395 



There is one other genus of Viverridse which calls for attention 

 here because its feet belong to the Paradoxurine type, though 

 they diifer in certain details from the feet of the genera to which 

 that term is here restricted. This is the otter-like amphibious 

 Civet Cijnogale, which Gray fii'st of all made the type of a special 

 subfamily, afterwards raising it to family rank on characters 

 held by Mivart to be trivial for that purpose. Mivart regarded 

 Cijnogule as an aberrant genus of his subfamily Yiverrinfe, which 

 embraced the Civets, Genets, Linsangs, Paradoxures, and others. 

 The gland, however, was unknown both to Gray and Mivart. 

 By this organ, as I have recently shown *, as well as by the 

 structure of the muzzle and of the rhinarium, Cynogcde differs 

 caiisiderably from the genera both of the Yiverrine and Para- 

 doxurine sections of Yiverrida?, and cannot be included in either, 

 as I define them, without unduly disturbing their homogeneity. 

 In classifying this genus, therefore, I revert to Gray's original 

 idea and regard it as the representative of a special subfamily, 

 Cynogalinse, 



The Rhinarium and Vibrissce of Paradcucurines. 



In Paradoxibrivs ^«rwai^<s the rhinarium is large and prominent. 

 Viewed from the front its upper edge is markedly biconvex 

 owing to the depth of the median groove and the curvature of 

 the lateral angles. This groove extends uninterruptedly from a 

 point close to the posterior border of the upper surface, over the 

 anterior surface, where it is veiy deep, down to the edge of the 

 lip in the middle line. The infranarial portion is large and 

 extends latei-ally beyond the nostrils, where it curls up and nar- 

 rowly borders them externally throughout their length on the 

 upper side. Its inferior edge is horizontal with rounded angles. 

 Just beneath the narial orifice in front, this infranarial portion 

 is marked with a curved depression which runs downwards and 

 inwards towards the middle line. This gi-oove appears to corre- 

 spond to the obliquely inclined infranarial edge of the rhinarium 

 in Ganis and Fells, the ai'ea external to the groove being covered 

 with hair in those genera and other members of the families to 

 which they belong. 



Viewed from above, the coiivexity of the anterior edge is 

 interrupted by a deep median angular notch — smaller in the 

 young — and its posterior edge is concave. The narial slits con- 

 verge inwards and backwaxds and are bordered externally by the 

 narrow naked strip which is continuous in front Avith the supero- 

 lateral angles of the large infranarial area. As a I'esult of the 

 backward and inward inclination of the narial slits, the upper 

 ■ field of the rhinarium is considerably wider in front than behind. 

 Finally, it may be added, the hairy poi'tion of the upper lip 

 below the rhinarium is only about half the height of the anterior 

 surface of the rhinarium itself. 



Comparing the rhinarium of Paradaxurus with those of the 



* Ann. Mao-. Nat. Hist. (8) xv. pp. 351-360, 1915. 



Proc. Zool. See— 1915, No. XXVIII. 28 



