ANATOMY OF GRUIFORM BIRDS. 415 



I examined before it had been hardened b}^ spirit, I should place 

 the pattern of AramiijS definitely on the Gruiform stem, rather 

 than at the branching of the Gruiform and Charadriiform 

 stems. 



Muscular Anatomy. 



CiicuUaris. — The cervical portion is much feebler than in 

 Rhinochetus, but its posterior edge nearly meets the anterior edge 

 of the I'homboideus externus. 



Rhomboideus externus. — A continuous thin sheet of muscle, 

 distally leaving uncovered a good piece of the rhomboideus 

 profundus, and proximally stretching far anterior to it. In 

 Rhinochetus the arrangement is similar, but the muscle thins out 

 in the middle region and becomes much thicker in front, 



Rho7nboideus2Jroftondus. — -This reaches to the extreme distal end 

 of the scapula and extends forwards almost the whole length of 

 the scapula ; it is much thicker than the superficial muscle. 



Latissimus dorsi metapatagialis. — This slender muscle is 

 present, lying just under the skin, superficial to the latissimus 

 dorsi posterior and inserted into the skin underlying the humeral 

 feather-tract. It appears to have similar relations in all the 

 Gruiform birds. 



Latissimus dorsi anterior and I. d. posterior. — These two 

 muscles are well developed, but do not touch at origin or 

 insertion. The tendinous insertion of the posterior division is 

 just deep of, and in contact with, the anchor of the anconteus 

 humeralis ; its origin is enormous and is partly from the ilium. 

 In Rhinochetus the origin from the ilium is smaller, and although 

 the insertion of tlie posterior division has similar relations with 

 the anconseus anchor, it is just in contact with the proximal edge 

 of the fleshy insertion of the anterior division. In the Crane the 

 two divisions, especially the posterior, are relatively narrower and 

 do not touch at origin oi* insertion. 



Serrati. — -The s. superfic. metapatagialis is large, aiiising only 

 from the ribs without fibres from the scapula, and is inserted to 

 the skin under the dorsal feather-tract. The s, superfic, anterior 

 is a narrow slip arising from one rib and is inserted by a flat 

 band to the scapula between the two divisions of the sub-coraco- 

 scapularis. The s. superfic. posterior is strong, arising from, two 

 ribs with their uncinate processes, and passing to the posterior 

 inferior border of the scapula. The s. pi'ofundus is in a series of 

 strong separate slips. 



Scapuli-humerales antei'ior et p>osterior. — "^fhe posterior muscle 

 {teres major) is large and is pierced by the expansor secvindariorum. 

 I found no trace of the anterior mviscle, although Fiirbringer 

 states its presence in A. scolopaceus, and in the example of that 

 bird which I dissected I noted a few fibres representing it. It 

 is absent in Rhinoclietus. 



Deltoides propatagialis. — A rather narrow muscle, not divided 

 into two peaks. It gives rise to the brevis and longns tendons 



