378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 31) Ser. 



Ereunias grallator, sp. nov. 



Plate XVIII. 



Head, measured to end of opercular flap, 2| in length; depth 4f; eye 

 3^ in head; maxillary ih; d. x— i, 12; a. 12; p. 11 +4; lateral line 42. Length 

 of type 305 millimeters. 



Body moderately elongate, tapering into a long, slender, quadrate, caudal 

 peduncle, the length of which is contained i^ times in the head; its depth 

 6 in its length. Vent slightly in front of middle of body. Eye very large, 

 placed high, its upper margin projecting above outline of head, its diameter 

 about equal to length of snout, its upper part covered with rough skin. 

 Mouth horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary reaching slightly 

 beyond line of front of pupil. Teeth villiform, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; 

 those on palatines in a long narrow band. Gill-openings broadly united over 

 the isthmus; a small oval slit behind last arch. Gill-rakers short, club-shaped, 

 about 3 + II on first arch. Pseudobranchise large, of long filaments. Branchi- 

 ostegals 6. Suborbital stay short, triangular. 



Head and body covered with a velvety shagreen. Nasal spines short and 

 sharp; upper rim of orbit with spines, the posterior of which is large and 

 strong, its length contained about 4^ times in eye; side of nape with a large 

 double spine; some small spines on temporal region; opercular spine 

 obscure; preopercle above with a curved spine, the length of which is con- 

 tained about 6 times in eye; two sharp spines below the latter, the upper of 

 which is the longer; two small spines on lower edge of preorbital. Maxillary 

 rugose, without barbels. Sides of body with rows of slender hooked spines; 

 the uppermost row extending from nape to tail; the second row, of smaller 

 spines, along lateral line; the third, below the curved part of lateral line, 

 coalescent with it on the straight part; the fourth row, of strong spines, begin- 

 ning above vent and extending to base of caudal; a few spines below this, 

 constituting a fifth row along base of anal. Lower edge of caudal peduncle 

 with a long groove. 



First dorsal low, of slender spines, the longest about 3 times in head. 

 Dorsals separate, but close together, the longest soft ray if in head. Anal 

 similar, its longest ray 3I in head. Caudal fin short, truncate, 2| in head. Pec- 

 toral fin of two parts: the upper of 11 rays, mostly branched, the longest 

 ray if in head; lower part of fin of 4 separate, simple rays similar to the 

 free appendages in Triglidae; the uppermost longest, i| in head; the lower- 

 most shorter, i\ in head. 



Color blackish, lining membranes of body dusky. Dorsals black, with a 

 broad, whitish, median band which disappears posteriorly on the spinous 

 dorsal and anteriorly on the soft dorsal; membrane posterior to last dorsal 

 spine white. Anal black, with a broad, white, longitudinal band near its 

 base. Caudal dusky at base, broadly suffused with blackish posteriorly, 

 middle part whitish. Pectoral dusky, the upper, anterior part whitish, 

 blotched with black; free rays black. 



Of this very remarkable fish two specimens are known: 

 they were taken in the Kuro Shiwo, or Black Current, at a 

 depth of 290 fathoms off the coast of Misaki, Sagami 



