RIDGWAY ON AMERICAN HEEODIOWES. 227 



longitudinally striped with black and white. Young without any plumes, 

 and with the colors much duller, the pattern badly defined. 

 A. — Tibiae and border of the wing purplish-cinnamon, or rufous. 



J . A. occiDENTALis. — Pileum and occipital plumes, with rest of 

 head, white; forehead streaked with black. Sometimes ichok 

 plumage pure tcJiite!* Culmen 6.40-6.75; tarsus 8.00-8.75; 

 wing 19.00-21.00. ^a&.— Florida to Southern Illinois; Cuba ; 

 Jamaica. 



2. A. HERODiAS. — Pileum and occipital plumes black ; forehead 

 and central feathers of the crown white ; culmen 4.30-6.25 ; 

 tarsus 6.00-8.25; wing 17.90-20.00. Hab.—^orth America in 

 general; Middle America; Galapagos; Venezuela; West 

 Indies. 



B. — Tibice and border of the wing white. 



3. A. ciNEREA. — Pileum and occipital plumes black; forehead 

 and centre of crown white (as in A. herodias). Neck cinere- 

 ous. Culmen 4.80; tarsus 6.00-6.25; wing 18.50. Hab.— 

 Europe, etc. Accidental in Southern Greenland. 



4. A. cocoi. — Entire pileum (including forehead, etc.) and 

 occipital plumes black. Neck white. Culmen 5.85-6.75; tar- 

 sus 7.20-8.00 ; wing 18.50-19.50. jBTaft.— South America. 



1. ARDEA OCCIDENTALIS. 



Florida Heron; Wilrdemann's Heron. 



a. White phase. 



t " Grus, . . ., Audubon, MSS.", Nutt. Man. Orn. Water Birds, 1834, 39.t (Great White 



Crane: Florida.) 

 Ardea occidentalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. iii. 1835, 542 ; v. 1839, 596 ; Synop. 1839, 264 ; B. Am. 



vi. 1843, 110, pi. cccviii. (adult).— Bonap. Comp. List, 1838, 47. — Lembeye, 



Aves de Cuba, 1850, 82 (Cuba).— Gundl. J. f. O. iv. 1856, 341 (Cuba).— Bryant, 



Pr. Bost. Soc. vii. 1859, 17.— March, P. A. N. S. Philad. xvi. 1864, 63 (Jamaica; 



rare).- CoUES, Key, 1872, 267 ; Check List, 1873, 89, n.451.— Scl. & SALV.Nom. 



Neotr. 187.3, 12.5, n. 3 (Cuba). 

 Auduionia occidentalis, Bonap. Consp.ii. 1855, 113 ("Am. S. Calid. Florida. Cumana"). — 



Baird, B. N. Am. 1858,670 (South Florida; Cuba); Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, n. 



489.— Gray, Handlist, iii. 1871, n. 10105 (South Florida; Cuba).— Bou^ard, 



Cat. Av. 1876, 49, n. 1374 (Florida ; Cuba). 

 Herodias occidentalis, GuNDi.. J. f. 0. 1856, 340 (Cuba) ; 1861, 3S8 (Cuba).— Brewer, Pr. 



Boston Soc. v.ii. 1860, 308 (Cub^). 

 f Great White Crane, Nutt. I. c. 

 The Great White Heron, Aud. L c. 

 Great White Heron, Baird, I. c. — Coues, I. c. 

 Garzon, Lemb. I. c. 



*This species, like Dichromanassa riija, seems to be dichromatic. The white phase 

 appears to be most common (?). 



t " Of this interesting species, found by Audubon in the vast swamps of East Florida, 

 wo yet know no particulars, excepting the specific character of its being wholly white, 

 and scarcely inferior in magnitude to the Whooping Crane, whose general habits it in 

 all probability possesses. Since its discovery, we have, I believe, heard of a specimen 

 having been obtained in the vicinity of Charleston, S. C."— Nutt. I. c. 



