134 



DR. C. F. SONWTAa ON THE ANATOMY 



numerous in Hycena crocuta. In H. striata tliey are not very 

 numerous. 



In Proteles cristatus (text-fig. 21) the papillae form a marked 

 cluster in front of the vallate area, and others are all over the 

 dorsum. 



In the Yiverridge the conditions of the fungiform papillpe ai-e 

 more varied than in the Felidse, for the patch of papillse spinosse 

 is absent, weak or strong ; and the distribution of fungiform 

 papillse depends on its characters. In Nandinia Unotata (text- 

 fig. 21), Viverra civetta, and Givettictis civetta there is no spinous 

 patch, and fungifoi'm papillse cover the dorsum from the apex of 

 the tongue to the vallate area, and from one side to the other. 

 A few papillse are present on the ventral papillary zone. In 

 Paracloxurv,s larvatus the patch is small, and its component 

 conical papillse are slender ; fungiform papillse encircle it, and a 



Text -figure 17. 



The lingual papillaj seeu under a hand-lens. 1-26 : conical papillse ; 

 27-30 : fungiform papillse. 



few are found on it. In other species the arrangement of the 

 fungiform papillse and the patch are as in the Felidse. 



The chaj'acters of the fungiform papillse are shown in text- 

 fig. 17. 



No papillse clavatse are present in the Hysenidse, Protelidse, 

 and Viverridse. 



The value of the clavate and other fungiform papillse for 

 purposes of classification is shown on page 149. 



Conical Papillae : — As the mechanical function predominates 

 over all otliers in the -3^11uroidea, the conical papillse are strongly 

 developed. And they are provided with shaip-pointed horny 

 sheaths. In the fore part of the oral division of the dorsum 

 there is, in most cases, a patch of large conical papillse which 

 have been termed papillse spinosse ; and the area on which they 

 stand is called the spinous patch in this paper (text-fig. 16 A). 



