146 



DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



The apex is entire or cleft, and may be smooth or covered with 

 lobules and papillae. It is round, massive, smooth, and entire in 

 Trichechus rosmarus. In Gystophora p7-ohoscidea it is rounded, 

 with a deep median cleft, and is covered with coarse lobules. In 

 other forms it has a wide apical sulcus separating its apex into 

 two lateral parts, which vary in appearance. Both halves are 

 covered with papillse which may be restricted to the apices or 

 extend along the borders. As the specimens examined were not 

 at my disposal for histological purposes I am unable to state 

 whether the papillae and lobules in the Pinnipedia are homologous 

 with those in the Cetacea and Galeopithecus. The halves are 

 rounded in Otaria californiana, and they are rounded and 

 laterally projecting in 0. gillespii. They are sharper in Phoca 

 vitulina, Halichcerus gryphus, and Cystophora cristata. 



^^---^ 



Trichechus 

 rosmarus. 



Text-figure 24 



Cystophora \ / Otar 

 proboscidea. ) t caj/fon 



Hah'choerus 

 gryphus. 



Ursus srctos. 

 The tongues of the Pinnipedia and JJrsus. 



The lateral borders a,re rounded in all forms, but are elevated 

 in some examples of Phoca vitulina. They are massive in 

 Trichechus rosmarus and Cystophora p>rohoscidea ; they are smooth 

 in the former, but covered with papillae and lobules in the latter. 

 In other forms they have many small papillte. In some forms, 

 such as Otaria californiana.^ there are rows of elevations at their 

 postei'ior extremities, but these must not be mistaken for latei-al 

 organs. 



Sulci and Ridges: — No ridges are present on either surface. 

 Mesial dorsal and ventral sulci are faint or absent, as in the 

 Cetacea, but transverse sulci were only observed in Gystophora 

 proboscidea. 



In all forms except Trichechus rosviarus the tongue has no inter- 

 molar elevation, and the oral part can usually be distinguished 



