148 DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



pedunculated or tapering papilljB are present in Trichechus, 

 Otaria californiana and 0. gillespii. 



No papillje clavatee are present in the place of lateral 

 organs. 



Glands: — The orifices may be numerous, scanty or absent. 

 In Trichechus rosmarus they are thickly clustered on the oral part 

 of the dorsum, but in other forms they are mainly present on the 

 pharyngeal part. 



The frenum is slight or absent, and there are no traces of 

 frenal lamellte, sublingua, plicae fimbriatse, or foramen csecum. 



The ventral papillary zone is narrow in Otaria and 

 Cystophora. 



Tuckerman (31) described how many fat cells are present in 

 the mucous membrane, submucous tissue, and subpapillary zone 

 in Phoca vitulina. 



No lytta is present in the specimens of Phoca vitulina and 

 Otaria californiana examined by myself. And the median 

 o-losso-epiglottic fold is well marked in the former, but absent in 

 the latter. 



The comparisons between the tongues of the Fissipedia and 

 Pinnipedia are shown in the following scheme : — 



Suborder Fissipedia: — Tongues long, narrow, thin. Apex 

 entire. Few have laterally-projecting papillae on margins. 

 Pharyngeal part not folded. Yallate papillae always present. No 

 o-land orifices seen on oral part. Frenum and lytta present. 

 Spinous patch and papillae clavatse sometimes present. Lateral 

 organs variable. 



Suborder Pinnipedia: — Tongue shorter, wider, thicker. Apex 

 cleft in all except Trichechus. Edges lobulated or have laterally- 

 projecting papilla?. Mucosa of pharyngeal part folded. Many 

 glandular orifices present. Yallate papillse frequently absent. 

 Lytta absent. Frenum slight. No trace of a spinous patch or 

 papillae clavatae. Lateral organs variable. 



Systematic. 



When the characters described above are arranged in systematic 

 order the following results are obtained : — 



Suborder FISSIPEDIA. 



Section ^luroidea. 



Spinous patch present in all Hysenidse, Felidee, Protelidse, and 

 most Viverridse. 



Family Felid(e : — Conical papillae behind spinous patch divided 

 into central and lateral tracts. Patch never reaches edges of 

 tongue. Basal conical papillae nevtr form a median strip. 



Family Viverridce : — -Conical papillae behind the patch not 

 divided into centi-al and lateral tracts. Spinous patch never 



