ON THE ANATOMY OF THE CHIMPANZEE. 



323 



22. On the Anatomy, PhysioJogy, and Pathology o£ the 

 Chimpanzee. By Chaeles F. Sonntag, M.D., F.Z.S. 

 Anatomist to the Society, and Demonstrator of Anatomy 

 University College. 



(Plates I.-III.* ; Text-figures 25-49.) 

 [Received March 17, 1923 : Read April 10, 1923.] 



Contents. 

 Page 



Introduction 323 



Mnscular System 324 



Joints 364 



Organs of Digestion 371 



Organ s of Circulation ; 376 



Ductless Glands 395 



Blood 396 



Lymphatic System 396 



Respiratory Organs 397 



Urogenital Organs 399 



.Nervous System 402 



Sense Organs 415 



Skin and Hairs 417 



Pathology 418 



Comparisons with Man 419 



Bibliography 426 



Introduction. 



Zoological literature contains descriptions of parts of nearly 

 three hundred Chimpanzees, but the anatomy of one animal only 

 has been described at any length by Gratiolet (22). His account 

 omits many special points, which have also been neglected by 

 other observers, and the same can be said of the works of 

 Sperino (47) and Yrolik (51), which give accounts of the com- 

 parative anatomy of all the Anthropoid Apes. It is, therefore, 

 evident that a full account of one animal is required to serve as a 

 standard for future workers. The present account is based on 

 the examination of a young female, Anthropopithecus troglodytes, 

 which died in the Society's Gardens after a residence of two and 

 a half years. And if that species is different from Troglodytes 

 aubryi it should be a useful companion to Gratiolet's account of 

 the latter. The animal had the following measurements : — 



Length from supra-orbital crests over head and 



back to anus 23-5 inches 



Length from supra-orbital crests to inion 6*4 , 



,, ,, inion to anus 17'1 



Tip of acromion to centre of antecubital fossa . 9-3 ,, 

 Centre of antecubital fossa to lower end of 



radius 9*2 „ 



Hand (palm 4 ins. : middle digit 3*2 ins.) 7*2 „ 



* For explanation of the Plates see p. 429. 



