338 DU. C. p. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



iliac crest. It is continiions with the fascia over the gluteal 

 muscles. Laterally it is continuous with deep fascia of the neck, 

 thorax and limbs. * 



The trapezms arises from the inner third of the occipital crest, 

 the external occipital protuberance, all cervical spines, the thirteen 

 dorsal spines and the supraspinous ligament. There is no 

 ligamentum nuchee, so the origin difiers from that in Man. 

 Various authors have recorded it as arising from the first ten or 

 twelve dorsal spines. The lower border is not fused with the 

 'atissimus dorsi, as described byChampneys(ll), Bland Sutton (4), 

 and others, though some anatomists did observe fusion. Close 

 to the lower angle of the scapula there is a triangle of auscul- 

 tation similar to that in Man. The whole origin is muscular, 

 there being no aponeurosis close to the vertebral spines as there 

 is in Man. It is inserted into the outer third of the posterior 

 border of the clavicle, some fibres passing into the deltoid, the 

 outer border of the acromion and the whole length of the spine 

 of the scapula. The most lateral part of the spinous insertion is 

 aponeurotic. There is no differentiation of fibres inserted into 

 a special area on the root of the spine of the scapula as there is 

 in Man. The spinal accessory nerve can be traced almost to the 

 lower border of the muscle, and gives off numerous branches to it. 

 It communicates with the third and fovirth cervical nerves, but 

 there is no marked sub-trapezial nerve plexus. It divides at the 

 root of the neck into two marked branches. One of these goes 

 to the cervical part of the trapezius and the other to the thoracic 

 part. 



The latissimus dorsi arises from the lower five dorsal spines 

 and supraspinous ligaments, the posterior lamella of the lumbo- 

 dorsal fascia and the posterior lip of the iliac crest from the 

 highest point to the anterior supeinor spine, where it overlaps 

 the outer border of the external oblique. It also receives slips 

 from the ninth, tenth and eleventh ribs, but none from the 

 inferior angle of the scapula. On the ribs, whence it derives 

 slips, it fuses with the origin of the external oblique. The 

 strong tendon is inserted into the floor of the bicipital groove on 

 the humerus, and is extensively fused with the teres major and 

 dorso-epitrochlearis. No band runs across the axillary vessels. 

 Bland-Sutton (4) emphasises the absence of the latter slip. 

 Ohampneys (11) gives the costal origin as ribs 10-13, and 

 mentions a lesser adhesion to the teres major. Hepburn (24) 

 gives its origin from the anterior half of the outer lip of the iliac 

 crestj and records three costal slips ; he also mentions slight fusion 

 with the teres major. 



The rhomhoideus is an undivided sheet arising from the last 

 two cervical and first four dorsal spines. It is inserted into the 

 lower three-fourths of the vertebral border of the scapula. The 

 insertion reaches higher than the root of the spine of the scapula, 

 and its upper part overlaps the insertion of the levator anguli 

 scapulae. Gratiolet (22) described the origin as extending from 



