344 DR. 0. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



lower two cervical and upper four dorsal vertebraj, and is inserted 

 into the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrse. 

 The lower oblique portion runs from the first four thoracic to the 

 fifth and sixth cervical vertebra?. And the upper oblique part runs 

 from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebra to the anterior 

 arch of the atlas. The rectus capitis anticus majo7' runs from the 

 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae to the basi- 

 occiput. It receives a well-marked slip from the scalenus anticus. 

 The rectus capitis anticus minor and rectus capitis lateralis are as 

 in Man. 



It is, therefore, evident that the facial muscles, the muscles of 

 the back, the scaleni, and the prevertebral muscles are relatively 

 stronger and more intimately united than in Man. This must 

 necessarily make the muscular movements leys numerous and not 

 so fine as in him. The muscles forming the suboccipital triangle 

 are crushed together. 



Muscles of the Pectoral Extremity. 



The pectoralis major, which is less powerful than in Man, 

 consists of clavicular, costo- sternal, and abdominal parts. The 

 clavicular part consists of superficial and deep portions. The 

 former arises from the inner half of the front of the clavicle and 

 the outer side of the tendon of the sterno-mastoid ; the latter 

 springs fi'om the inner part of the lower surface of the clavicle 

 and fuses witii the former, and with the deep sui^face of the costo- 

 sternal part. The costo-sternal portion arises from the whole 

 length of the body of the sternum and the first six costal 

 cartilages ; it fuses with both the external oblique and the abdo- 

 minal part of the pectoralis major at the lower borders of the 

 fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The abdominal part fuses with 

 the external oblique as far as the linea semilunaris ; it also o-ets 

 origins from the lower borders of the fifth, sixth, and seventh 

 costal cartilages. The abdominal portion joins the deep surface 

 of the sternal portion to form a muscle which joins the deep 

 surfa,ce of the clavicular part. The combined muscle has a 

 musculo-aponeurotic insertion into the inner border of the pec- 

 toral crest, the lower part of the capsule of the shoulder joint 

 and the deep fascia of the arm. It is never fused with the 

 deltoid. 



I agree with Champneys (11) and Macalister (33) that there is 

 no actual separation between the clavicular and costo-sternal 

 parts such as occiu^s in Man. Champneys records a special slip 

 arising from the fourth and fifth cai^tilages, but that is not the 

 case in my specimen. 



The_ delto-pectoral triangle contains the external anterior 

 thoracic nerve, thoracic axis vessels, and tendon of the pectoralis 

 minor. It has no lymphatic glands noi- the cephalic vein, which 

 are present in Man. Bland-Sutton (4) states that the groove 

 between the pectoralis niajor and deltoid is absent. 



