358 DR. 0. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



outwards foi' an inch into the upper end of the insertion of the 

 adductor brevis. 



The obturator externus (text-fig. 36, Obt.Ext) arises by two 

 heads. The large head arises from the inferior ramus of the 

 pubis between the obturator foi-amen and the origins of the ad- 

 ductor magnus, and from the obturator fascia. The small head 

 arises from the horizontal ramus of the pubis between the 

 obturator canal and origin of the lateral head of the adductor 

 brevis. The two heads unite, and the tendon is inserted into the 

 trochanteric pit and capsule of the hip joint. 



There is greater connection between these muscles, and the 

 capsule of the hip joint is considerable. 



The rectus femoris arises by two heads which, however, are not 

 very distinctly separate. The straight head arises from the 

 anterior aspect of the ilium between the anterior inferior spine 

 and the acetabulum. The retlected head forms an arch over the 

 wliole of the upper part of the acetabulum, and the upper fibres 

 are connected by a dense aponeurosis with the iliacus. The 

 vastus externus arises from a small area on the antero-lateral 

 aspect of the great trochanter below the insertion of the scan- 

 sorius, whose tendon it splits. The origin is continued down 

 on the back of the femur, anterior to and continuous with the 

 gluteus maximus,to an inch above the external condyle. A small 

 part, arising from the anterior part of the bone below the great 

 trochanter, is at first separated from the main mass by the 

 gluteus minimus. And an additional slender belly springs from 

 the upper end of the intertrochanteric line. The vastus internus 

 arises from the intertrochanteric line except its extreme upper 

 end. And it springs from the back of the femur down to a point 

 an inch above the internal condyle. The crureus arises from the 

 upper two-thirds of the surface of the femur between the two vasti. 

 The quadriceps extensor tendon is wide and receives the muscles 

 an inch above the patella. It is attached to the upper border of 

 the patella, the capsule of the joint on either side of it, the 

 internal condyle of the tibia, and the outer femoral and tibial 

 condyles. The ligamentum patellee is inserted into the front of 

 the upper end of the tibia. No subcrureus is present. 



Tibialis Anticus : — Macalister (33), Hepburn (24), Champneys 

 (11), and other's have described double origins and insertions. 

 The insertions are into the entocuneiform and first metatarsal. 

 Wilder (53) points out that the double insertion is in accord with 

 the use of the hallux as a thumb. In this animal the origin is 

 from the outer aspect of the outer condyle and the upper half of 

 the outer aspect to the tibia, from the middle third of the 

 delicate interosseous membrane, fi-om the fascia between it and 

 the extensor longus digitorum, and from the fascia over it. The 

 lateral superficial fibres form the superficial belly of the muscle, 

 which is inserted into the base of the first metatarsal bone. 

 The other fibres form the deep belly, which runs to the internal 

 cuneiform (text-fig 36 B). The superficial belly has a mucous 



