366 



DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



(S.S-S.L) from the side of the lowei^ end of the sacrum. It can 

 be seen from text-fig. 37, that the pelvic outlet is divided into 

 seven parts by ligaments. The obturator memhraiie is dense and 

 strong. Tiie symphysis pubis has the same ligaments as in 

 Man. The upper and sub-pubic ligaments are weak, but the 

 anterior and posterior ones are strong, particularly the latter. 

 Within the inter- articular cartilage there is a small synovial 

 cavity. 



The Temporo-maxillary Joint : — The capsule is thick and strong, 

 the upper part of its outer surface giving origin to some of the 

 deeper fibres of the masseter. The synovial cavity is divided 

 into two by an articular disc which, however, is not perforated. 



Text-figure 37. 



q.s-S.L. f: 



Ligaments of the spinal and pelvic joints. ART.P : articular process; CAPS 

 capsules ; P.C.L : posterior capsular ligaments. Other letters in text. 



The disc is much thicker behind than in front, and lies closely on 

 the condyle of the mandible, moving with it in mastication. 

 It is concavo-convex from before backwa,rds on its upper surface. 

 Posterior temporo-mandihtdar and external lateral ligaments are 

 present, the latter being very strong. The inner aspect of the 

 capsule is thin. The internal temporo-mandibular ligament is 

 small, but definite, and blends with the capsule. The anterior 

 aspect of the capsule is covered by the insertion of the external 

 pterygoid. The spheno-mandibular ligament is very poor. 



The acromio -clavicular joint is as in Man. 



The Shoulder Joint : — The shoulder joint is in many ways as 

 in Man, but the following points deserve special mention. The 



