370 DR. 0. p. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



The Ankle Joint : — The capsule is attached above to the distal 

 ends of the tibia and fibula and below to the astragalus. A small 

 deltoid ligament runs from the medial and distal border of the 

 tibia to the sustentaculum tali and talus. Posteriorly a very 

 strong fibular calcanean ligament is present ; and it is streng- 

 thened by an accessory ligament from the lateral aspect of the 

 lower end of the fibula. A tibial calcanean ligament lies on the 

 inner aspect of the joint. The talofibular ligaments, both 

 anterior and posterior, are present, but the former is ill-defined. 

 A ligament runs from the middle of the anterior distal border of 

 the tibia, under the talus, to the medial aspect of the lateral 

 distal tubercle of the calcaneus. The tibia and fibula are held 

 together by thin membrane. The talo-calcanean ligaments are 

 well-developed. The dorsal, posterior, and two lateral ones 

 are strong, but the medial one is weak. The posterior ligament 

 takes part in forming an interosseous ligament. The talus 

 is further held in position by a ligament running from the 

 plantar navicular-calcanean ligament to a small impression on 

 the head of the talus. 



Ligaments connected with the Galcaiieus: — The plantar calcaneo- 

 navicular ligament runs from the sustentaculum tali to the 

 navicular ; and there is practically no internal ligament between 

 these bones. A well-marked ligament connects the calcaneus 

 and cuboid. 



The long plantar ligament is attached proximally to the cuboid, 

 and distally to the bases of the second, third, and fourth meta- 

 tarsal bones. No short plantar ligament exists. 



A fine ligament attaches the cuboid to the lateral extremity of 

 the base of the fifth metatarsal, and another connects it to the 

 third cuneiform. 



Navicular Ligaments: — A dorsal ligament runs from the 

 navicular bone to the base of the second metatarsal, and a medial 

 ligament connects it to the first cuneiform. 



An interosseous ligament holds the cuboid and cuneiforms in 

 position. 



Plantar Metatarsal Ligaments : — The external ligament is an 

 aponeurotic septum attached obliquely to the fourth metatarsal 

 from the outer side of the base across the plantar aspect of the 

 shaft to the head. The adjacent parts of the bases of the third 

 and fourth metatarsals are covered by ligamentous fibres from 

 the sheath of the tendon of the peroneus longus, and representing 

 the termination of the long plantar ligament. This divides into 

 two strands, the external one joining the external ligament, a,nd 

 the internal one passing along the whole length of the third 

 metatarsal as the internal long plantar metatarsal ligament. 



Humphry (26) has gone very fully into the shapes of the bones 

 of the foot and the part played by the bones, ligaments, and 

 muscles in its mechanics. He draws attention to the following 

 points : — (1) The shape of the talus throws the weight on the outer 



