.^76 DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



The gall-bladder is superficial and extends beyond the ventral 

 margin of the lobe and it is flexed on itself. In occasional 

 specimens the gall-bladder is deeply embedded in the liver sub- 

 stance. The Spigelian lobe is subquadrate, and the caudate lobe 

 is a triangular cone directed to the right. In some specimens 

 the apex of the caudate lobe reaches the right margin of the 

 liver, but in others it does not do so. The relative sizes of the 

 hepatic lobes may be expressed by Garrod's method thus : — 

 R2>L>Sp=0. 



Figures or descriptions of the livers of other specimens, which 

 agree with the above, are given by Bischoff (60}, Flower (20), 

 Barkow (2), Gratiolet (22), Cavanna (61), Symington (48), 

 Traill (49), Tyson (50), and Sperino (47). 



The relations of the abdominal organs to the vertebrae are 

 different from those in Man, because there are thirteen dorsal 

 vertebrfe. The first lumbar vertebra in the Chimpanzee corre- 

 sponds to the second lumbar vertebra in Man. 



Organs op Circulation. 

 The venous side of the circulation is larger, relatively to the 

 arterial side, than in Man. 



The pericardiimi adheres strongly to the central part of the 

 diaphragm. When it is slit open the finger can explore the 

 aortic arch up to and including the root of the innominate artery, 

 but the reflection of the serous pericardium prevents one touching 

 the left subclavian artery. Only a small part of the pulmonary 

 artery is palpable. 



The heart is small, measuring 3-2 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, 

 and 1*7 inches antero-posteriorly. The upper border is level 

 with the second costal cartilage, and the apex lies in the fifth inter- 

 costal space. Fat is present on the base and apex. Its internal 

 structure is very similar to that in Man. The position and 

 relations have been recorded or figured by Cunninghani (13) and 

 Huge (43), and details of its construction have been given 

 by Bischoft' (60), Cavanna (61), Ehlers (59), Dwight (18), 

 Gratiolet (22), Tyson (50), and Traill (49). The apex is entirely 

 formed by the thick, muscular left ventricle, and this differs 

 entirely from the condition which I have already described and 

 figured in Mandrillus (62). 



The pulse of a young male Chimpanzee, whose age would make 

 it correspond to the young child, was 150 per minute. It was 

 regular in rate a,nd rhythm ; it was full, and the rise and fall 

 were moderately rapid. No dicrotism was present. The apex 

 was not very sustained. It could easily be felt on the radial 

 aspect of the lower end of the forearm because the radial artery 

 is very superficial. Owing to the inability to listen to the hearts 

 of the larger specimens in the Gardens I am unable to describe 

 the relation between age and heart rate. The heart sounds were 

 as in Man, The blood pi-essure was not obtainable. 



