■382 DR. CJ. F. SO^TNTAG ON THE ANATOMY, 



arise from them in Man are here replaced by branches of the 

 last lumbar and femoral arteries. The relations are as in Man. 



The hypogastric artery (text-fig. 40 E) on each side divides as 

 in Man infco anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior 

 division gives off: — 



1. A trunk which divides into superior vesical (S.Y.A) and 

 uteri-vaginal (U-Y.A) arteries. The former is a small vessel, 

 which i-eaclies the side of the bladder up which it runs to the 

 fundus. The latter is larger and breaks up into vessels supplying 

 the uterus and vagina ; details are given on p. 401. 



2. The Pudendal Artery (P. A) gives off the inferior vesical 

 artery (I.V.A), passes through the great sciatic notch at the 

 lower border of the pyriformis and, after giving off the inferior 

 gluteal artery (I.G.A), it breaks up into branches which pass 

 through the ischio-rectal fossa to the rectum and anus, the vagina, 

 the levator ani and sphincter vaginae. 



The posterior division gives off: — 



1. A bundle of arteries which enter the anterior sacral 

 foramina (S.A.). 



2. Lateral sacral artery (L.S.A). 



3. Superior gluteal artery (S.G.A). 



The superior gluteal artery emerges at the upper border of the 

 pyriformis and supplies it. It divides into two main branches. 

 The upper one supplies the gluteus medius and gives the nutrient 

 artery to the ilium. The lower one descends to supply the 

 gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and scansorius. 



The inferior gluteal artery emerges with the pudendal artery 

 at the lower border of the pyriformis. It gives branches to the 

 gluteus maximus, gemellus superior, obturator internus, scan- 

 sorius, and acetabular part of the ilium. It anastomoses with the 

 lateral circumflex artery. 



Arteries of the Head and Neck. 



The common carotid arteries (text-fig. 41, CCA) extend from 

 the sterno-clavicular articulations to the upper border of the 

 lateral aspects of the thyroid cartilage, where they divide into 

 external and internal carotids. They are concealed by the large 

 external jugular veins, and they line in front of the vagus and 

 sympathetic nerves. But no internal jugular veins are present 

 to form lateral relations. No carotid sheath exists. The other 

 relations are as in Man. It gives off tortuous inferior and 

 middle thyroid arteries (text-fig. 41, I.T.A. and M.T.A), which 

 replace the inferior thyroid branch of the subclavian arteries. 

 This may be an individual peculiaiity. 



The external carotid artery (E.CA) first ascends almost verti- 

 cally till it reaches the levelof the hyoid bone, where it inclines 

 posteriorly and upwards, being continued as the temporo- 

 maxillary artery. Within the parotid gland it divides into 



