PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY OF THE CHIMPANZEE. 



399 



Tbe trachea has uiuefceeii rings, all of wlaicli have cartilaginous 

 hoops, with the gaps behind. The first is very wide. 



Lungs : — The left lung has upper and lower lobes, and the 

 right one has upper, middle, and loAver lobes. No azygos lobe is 

 present. The right lung receives a large bronchial artery from 

 the descending thoracic aorta, but the left one receives a large 

 artery from the concavity of the aortic arch, and a fine thread- 

 like vessel from the descending aorta. Mayer (34) observed 

 three lobes in the left lung, and two in the right. But Tyson 

 (50), Vrolik (51), G-ratiolet (22), Chapman (12), Hartmann (65), 

 Sperino (47), and Symington (48) observed conditions similar to 

 those in my specimen. Bischofi' (60) observed two lobes in the 

 left lung, and four in the right in an old animal. The bronchial 

 glands are of modei-ate size, and adherent to the bronchi. 



The limits of the pleura were described by Ruge (43). They 

 presented nothing remarkable in my specimen, 



UnoGEinTAL Organs (text-fig. 44). 



Kidneys : — It is frequently stated that the Primates, with the 

 exception of Man and Aieles, have only one renal papilla. But 

 in this specimen, p.nd in former animals examined by me there 

 were respectively four and five. Ehlers (59), and BischofF (60) 

 noted one papilla, Symington (48) found the pyramids fused to 

 form one papilla, and Sperino (47) noted three papillse. The 

 right kidney reaches lower down than the left one, and the 

 measurements are : — 



Left kidney : — 5*5 cm. long; 3"3 cm. wide ; 1*6 cm, thick. 

 Right „ 6-6 „ „ 3-3 „ „ 1-8 „ „ 



There is much peri-renal fat, but no fascial shelf supports the 

 kidney ; and there is no fat in the pelves, although Sperino (47) 

 observed some. The capsule, which strips easily, is well 

 vascularised. The cortex is thick, and sends prolongations in 

 between the pyramids, which are finely striated. The blunt 

 apices of the pyramids do not project much, and they are not 

 embraced by large calyces. The relative positions of the 

 structures in the hilum are as in Man, and the suprarenal 

 capsules are similarly placed. The shape of the kidneys alters 

 with the movements of the viscera apposed to them. 



The U7'eters ' hsbve the same course, relations, and terminations 

 as in Man, but I was unable to detect lymphatics running along 

 them between the kidneys and bladder. 



The bladder is thick and muscular, but no urachus nor anterior 

 ligaments are present. Lateral ligaments are well mai"ked ; and 

 the thick round ligaments of the uterus are connected to them by 

 peritoneal folds, so the utero-vesical pouch is crescentic. The 

 mucosa is thick and corrugated, and the ureteric papillae lie at 

 the ends of prominent ridges. The patulous urethral orifice is 

 close to the ridge, so the trigone is small. The vesical 

 musculature consists of two layers. There is an external 



